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For a large Markovian model, a "product form" is an explicit description of the steady-state behaviour which is otherwise generally untractable. Being first introduced in queueing networks, it has been adapted to Markovian Petri nets. Here…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2012-04-17 Serge Haddad , Jean Mairesse , Hoang-Thach Nguyen

In this paper we study Hornets extended with firing probabilities. Hornets are a Nets-within-Nets formalism, i.e., a Petri net formalism where the tokens are Petri nets again. Each of these net-tokens has its own firing rate, independent…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Michael Köhler-Bußmeier

In the field of knowledge representation, the considered epistemic states are often based on propositional interpretations, also called worlds. E.g., epistemic states of agents can be modelled by ranking functions or total preorders on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Jonas Haldimann , Christoph Beierle

It is known for decades that computer-based systems cannot be understood without a concept of modularization and decomposition. We suggest a universal, expressive, intuitively attractive composition operator for Petri nets, combined with a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-02-07 Peter Fettke , Wolfgang Reisig

We investigate Petri nets with data, an extension of plain Petri nets where tokens carry values from an infinite data domain, and executability of transitions is conditioned by equalities between data values. We provide a decision procedure…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Łukasz Kamiński , Sławomir Lasota

UML state machines are widely used to specify dynamic systems behaviours. However its semantics is described informally, thus preventing the application of model checking techniques that could guarantee the system safety. In a former work,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-05-07 Étienne André , Mohamed Mahdi Benmoussa , Christine Choppy

We present theoretical rudiments of Petri nets over ontological graphs as well as the designed and implemented Python toolkit for dealing with such nets. In Petri nets over ontological graphs, the domain knowledge is enclosed in a form of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Krzysztof Pancerz

This paper presents a set of algorithms for computing the reachability graph of Petri Net Product Lines (PNPLs). These algorithms address the combined challenges of concurrency and variability that arise from product-line configurations.…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Elena Gómez-Martínez , José Ignacio Requeno Jarabo

A fundamental advantage of Petri net models is the possibility to automatically compute useful system invariants from the syntax of the net. Classical techniques used for this are place invariants, P-components, siphons or traps. Recently,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Javier Esparza , Mikhail Raskin , Christoph Welzel

Natural Language Processing (NLP) has witnessed a transformative leap with the advent of transformer-based architectures, which have significantly enhanced the ability of machines to understand and generate human-like text. This paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Tianhao Wu , Yu Wang , Ngoc Quach

Petri nets are a modeling formalism capable of describing complex distributed systems and there exists a large number of both academic and industrial tools that enable automatic verification of model properties. Typical questions include…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Bruno Maria René Gonzalez , Peter Gjøl Jensen , Stefan Schmid , Jiří Srba , Martin Zimmermann

Entity linking, the task of mapping textual mentions to known entities, has recently been tackled using contextualized neural networks. We address the question whether these results -- reported for large, high-quality datasets such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-20 Nadja Kurz , Felix Hamann , Adrian Ulges

For a fixed type of Petri nets $\tau$, \textsc{$\tau$-Synthesis} is the task of finding for a given transition system $A$ a Petri net $N$ of type $\tau$ ($\tau$-net, for short) whose reachability graph is isomorphic to $A$ if there is one.…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Ronny Tredup

The need for high-level autonomy and robustness of autonomous systems for missions in dynamic and remote environment has pushed developers to come up with new software architectures. A common architecture style is to summarize the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-09-29 Baptiste Pelletier , Charles Lesire , David Doose , Karen Godary-Dejean , Charles Dramé-Maigné

We give a definition of $\mathsf{Q}$-net, a generalization of Petri nets based on a Lawvere theory $\mathsf{Q}$, for which many existing variants of Petri nets are a special case. This definition is functorial with respect to change in…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2020-11-25 Jade Master

This document gives an algebraic and two polygraphic translations of Petri nets, all three providing an easier way to describe reductions and to identify some of them. The first one sees places as generators of a commutative monoid and…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Yves Guiraud

Pre-trained language models like BERT achieve superior performances in various NLP tasks without explicit consideration of syntactic information. Meanwhile, syntactic information has been proved to be crucial for the success of NLP…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Jiangang Bai , Yujing Wang , Yiren Chen , Yaming Yang , Jing Bai , Jing Yu , Yunhai Tong

Context: Petri net slicing is a technique to reduce the size of a Petri net to ease the analysis or understanding of the original Petri net. Objective: Presenting two new Petri net slicing algorithms to isolate those places and transitions…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Marisa Llorens , Javier Oliver , Josep Silva , Salvador Tamarit

Elementary net systems (ENS) are the most fundamental class of Petri nets. Their synthesis problem has important applications in the design of digital hardware and commercial processes. Given a labeled transition system (TS) $A$,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-11-02 Christian Rosenke , Ronny Tredup

Petri Nets (PN) are extensively used as a robust formalism to model concurrent and distributed systems; however, they encounter difficulties in accurately modeling adaptive systems. To address this issue, we defined rewritable PT nets…

Performance · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Lorenzo Capra , Marco Gribaudo