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The living body is composed of innumerable fine and complex structures and although these structures have been studied in the past, a vast amount of information pertaining to them still remains unknown. When attempting to observe these…

Medical Physics · Physics 2021-11-30 Raku Son , Kenji Yamazawa , Akiko Oguchi , Mitsuo Suga , Masaru Tamura , Yasuhiro Murakawa , Satoshi Kume

In single particle reconstruction (SPR) from cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), the 3D structure of a molecule needs to be determined from its 2D projection images taken at unknown viewing directions. Zvi Kam showed already in 1980 that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-02-24 Tejal Bhamre , Teng Zhang , Amit Singer

Classifying structural variability in noisy projections of biological macromolecules is a central problem in Cryo-EM. In this work, we build on a previous method for estimating the covariance matrix of the three-dimensional structure…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-12-08 Joakim Andén , Eugene Katsevich , Amit Singer

A practical method utilising three-dimensional image pattern matching is proposed which, in principle, is capable of unambiguous determination of the types and positions of atoms in small molecules from defocus series collected at only a…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-12-02 T. E. Gureyev , H. M. Quiney , A. Kozlov , L. J. Allen

Electron cryomicroscopy (cryo-EM) is a technique in structural biology used to reconstruct accurate volumetric maps of molecules. One step of the cryo-EM pipeline involves solving an inverse-problem. This inverse-problem, referred to as…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-11-26 Aaditya V. Rangan , Wai-Shing Tang , Pilar Cossio , Kexin Zhang , Nikolaus Grigorieff

Achieving a comprehensive understanding of the behaviour of proteins is greatly facilitated by the knowledge of their structures, thermodynamics and dynamics. All this information can be provided in an effective manner in terms of…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2019-03-27 Massimiliano Bonomi , Michele Vendruscolo

Foundation models in computer vision have demonstrated exceptional performance in zero-shot and few-shot tasks by extracting multi-purpose features from large-scale datasets through self-supervised pre-training methods. However, these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Yingjun Shen , Haizhao Dai , Qihe Chen , Yan Zeng , Jiakai Zhang , Yuan Pei , Jingyi Yu

Many imaging modalities involve reconstruction of unknown objects from collections of noisy projections related by random rotations. In one of these modalities, cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM), the extremely low signal-to-noise…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-16 Joakim Andén , Justus Sagemüller

Cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) provides direct 3D visualization of macromolecules inside the cell, enabling analysis of their in situ morphology. This morphology can be regarded as an SE(3)-invariant, denoised volumetric representation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Mostofa Rafid Uddin , Mahek Vora , Qifeng Wu , Muyuan Chen , Min Xu

Electron ptychography describes a family of algorithms which are used to enable the reconstruction of complex specimen transmission functions of a sample in order to obtain both phase and amplitude information, as applied within the realms…

Optics · Physics 2025-03-17 L. Clark , P. D. Nellist

The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is probably one the most fascinating examination approach that has been used since more than two decades to detailed inspection of micro scale objects. Most of the scanning electron microscopes could…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-02-18 Wichai Shanklin

Three-dimensional electron diffraction (3D ED) has emerged as a powerful method for solving the structures of sub-micron-sized particles down to nanoparticles. However, it faces technical challenges when applied to beam-sensitive samples or…

Low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM) is a surface science method that works primarily in the UHV environment. It provides information complementary to the other established techniques: it extends the limited view of scanning probe…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-07-16 Jan Čechal , Pavel Procházka

A major challenge in single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is that the orientations adopted by the 3D particles prior to imaging are unknown; yet, this knowledge is essential for high-resolution reconstruction. We present a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-14 Jelena Banjac , Laurène Donati , Michaël Defferrard

Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) enables the atomic-resolution visualization of biomolecules; however, modern direct detectors generate data volumes that far exceed the available storage and transfer bandwidth, thereby constraining…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-31 Zain Shabeeb , Daniel Saeedi , Darin Tsui , Vida Jamali , Amirali Aghazadeh

Single-Particle Reconstruction (SPR) in Cryo-Electron Microscopy (cryo-EM) is the task of estimating the 3D structure of a molecule from a set of noisy 2D projections, taken from unknown viewing directions. Many algorithms for SPR start…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-01-09 Eitan Levin , Tamir Bendory , Nicolas Boumal , Joe Kileel , Amit Singer

Cryo-electron tomography enables 3D visualization of cells in a near native state at molecular resolution. The produced cellular tomograms contain detailed information about all macromolecular complexes, their structures, their abundances…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2019-04-30 Min Xu , Elitza I Tocheva , Yi-Wei Chang , Grant J Jensen , Frank Alber

Cryogenic electron microscopy (Cryo-EM) has become an essential tool for capturing high-resolution biological structures. Despite its advantage in visualizations, the large storage size of Cryo-EM data file poses significant challenges for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Chunyu Zou

Laser flash melting and revitrification experiments have recently improved the time resolution of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to the microsecond timescale, making it fast enough to observe many of the protein motions that are…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-05-19 Wyatt A. Curtis , Constantin R. Krüger , Axel P. Tracol Gavard , Jakub Wenz , Marcel Drabbels , Ulrich J. Lorenz

We show that de-focused single particle images recorded using a cryo-electron microscope (cryoEM) system may be processed like a Fresnel zone in-line hologram to obtain physically meaningful quantitative phase maps associated with…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-24 Apoorv Pant , Manidipa Banerjee , Kedar Khare