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Identifying Bell states without destroying it is frequently dealt with in nowadays quantum technologies such as quantum communication and quantum computing. In practice, quantum entangled states are often distributed among distant parties,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-25 Bohdan Bilash , Youngrong Lim , Hyukjoon Kwon , Yosep Kim , Hyang-Tag Lim , Wooyeong Song , Yong-Su Kim

Recent advances in quantum technologies are rapidly stimulating the building of quantum networks. With the parallel development of multiple physical platforms and different types of encodings, a challenge for present and future networks is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-14 G. Guccione , T. Darras , H. Le Jeannic , V. B. Verma , S. W. Nam , A. Cavaillès , J. Laurat

We propose an alternative evaluation of quantum entanglement by measuring the maximum violation of the Bell's inequality without performing a partial trace operation. This proposal is demonstrated by bridging the maximum violation of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-11 Po-Yao Chang , Su-Kuan Chu , Chen-Te Ma

We report an experimental demonstration of entanglement swapping over two quantum stages. By successful realizations of two cascaded photonic entanglement swapping processes, entanglement is generated and distributed between two photons,…

We propose a method to refine entanglement via swapping from a pair of squeezed vacuum states by performing the Bell measurement of number sum and phase difference. The resultant states are maximally entangled by adjusting the two squeezing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Akira Kitagawa , Katsuji Yamamoto

We propose the use of hybrid entanglement in an entanglement swapping protocol, as means of distributing a Bell state with high fidelity to two parties, Alice and Bob. The hybrid entanglement used in this work is described as a discrete…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-01 R. C. Parker , J. Joo , T. P. Spiller

Entanglement swapping is a process by which two initially independent quantum systems can become entangled and generate nonlocal correlations. To characterize such correlations, we compare them to those predicted by bilocal models, where…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-03-23 Cyril Branciard , Denis Rosset , Nicolas Gisin , Stefano Pironio

Exploring universal entanglement structure in many-body systems is both fundamental and challenging, particularly when the system undergoes non-unitary operations. In this work, we uncover a universal mechanism for realizing maximal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-19 Jiyuan Fang , Qicheng Tang , Xueda Wen

We propose a setup that transforms a photon pair in arbitrary rank-four mixed state, which could also be unknown, to a Bell state. The setup involves two linear optical circuits processing the individual photons and a parity gate working…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-12-23 Bing He , Yuhang Ren , Janos A. Bergou

Using the concept of non-degenerate Bell inequality, we show that quantum entanglement, the critical resource for various quantum information processing tasks, can be quantified for any unknown quantum states in a semi-device-independent…

We investigate the continuous-variable entanglement swapping protocol in a non-Gaussian setting, with non- Gaussian states employed either as entangled inputs and/or as swapping resources. The quality of the swapping protocol is assessed in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-26 F. Dell'Anno , D. Buono , G. Nocerino , S. De Siena , F. Illuminati

Detecting entanglement in multipartite quantum states is an inherently probabilistic process, typically with a few measured samples. The level of confidence in entanglement detection quantifies the scheme's validity via the probability that…

In this paper, we propose a deterministic entanglement swapping protocol for generating a shared three-qubit W state between two remote parties. Our method offers a reliable alternative to existing probabilistic protocols for W state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-08 Sajede Harraz , Yueyan Wang , Shuang Cong

The distribution of entanglement between macroscopically separated parties represents a crucial protocol for future quantum information networks. Surprisingly, it has been theoretically shown that two distant systems can be entangled by…

We consider entanglement swapping with general mixed two-mode Gaussian states and calculate the optimal gains for a broad class of such states including those states most relevant in communication scenarios. We show that for this class of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 Jason Hoelscher-Obermaier , Peter van Loock

We demonstrate an experiment on entanglement swapping using an optimal Bell-state measurement capable of identifying two of the four Bell-states for polarization entangled photons, which is the optimum with linear optical elements. The two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Thomas Jennewein , Rupert Ursin , Markus Aspelmeyer , Anton Zeilinger

Sharing entangled pairs between non-signaling parties via entanglement swapping constitutes a striking demonstration of the nonlocality of quantum mechanics and a crucial building block for future quantum technologies. In this work, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-28 Santeri Huhtanen , Yousef Mafi , Ali G. Moghaddam , Teemu Ojanen

A basic problem of quantum communication is to generate entangled states between distant sites. Using entanglement swapping, we are able to generate an entangled state of the desired distance from connecting many short distance entangled…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-03-24 Heng Fan , Zi-Dan Wang , Vlatko Vedral

A recent theoretical paper [1] proposes a scheme for entanglement swapping utilizing acousto-optic modulators without requiring a Bell-state measurement. In this comment, we show that the proposal is flawed and no entanglement swapping can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 K. J. Resch , S. H. Myrskog , J. S. Lundeen , A. M. Steinberg

Entanglement generation between distant nodes is a fundamental process in distributed quantum information processing. Qudits, high-dimensional quantum states, are promising candidates for enhancing entanglement distribution capabilities.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-26 Kazufumi Tanji , Hikaru Shimizu , Masahiro Takeoka