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In this paper we consider the issue of paradigm evaluation by applying Bayes' theorem along the following nested hierarchy of progressively more complex structures: i) parameter estimation (within a model), ii) model selection and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-06-02 Giulia Gubitosi , Macarena Lagos , Joao Magueijo , Rupert Allison

Binary classification involves predicting the label of an instance based on whether the model score for the positive class exceeds a threshold chosen based on the application requirements (e.g., maximizing recall for a precision bound).…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Gundeep Arora , Srujana Merugu , Anoop Saladi , Rajeev Rastogi

We investigate lifted inference on ordered domains with predecessor relations, where the elements of the domain respect a total (cyclic) order, and every element has a distinct (clockwise) predecessor. Previous work has explored this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Kuncheng Zou , Jiahao Mai , Yonggang Zhang , Yuyi Wang , Ondřej Kuželka , Yuanhong Wang , Yi Chang

This work proposes an evidence-retrieval mechanism for uncertainty-aware decision-making that replaces a single global cutoff with an evidence-conditioned, instance-adaptive criterion. For each test instance, proximal exemplars are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Hassan Gharoun , Mohammad Sadegh Khorshidi , Kasra Ranjbarigderi , Fang Chen , Amir H. Gandomi

Causal inference often hinges on strong assumptions - such as no unmeasured confounding or perfect compliance - that are rarely satisfied in practice. Partial identification offers a principled alternative: instead of relying on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Tobias Maringgele

Refining one's hypotheses in the light of data is a common scientific practice; however, the dependency on the data introduces selection bias and can lead to specious statistical analysis. An approach for addressing this is via conditioning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-03 Jen Ning Lim , Makoto Yamada , Wittawat Jitkrittum , Yoshikazu Terada , Shigeyuki Matsui , Hidetoshi Shimodaira

We study prediction-powered conditional inference in the setting where labeled data are scarce, unlabeled covariates are abundant, and a black-box machine-learning predictor is available. The goal is to perform statistical inference on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-09 Yang Sui , Jin Zhou , Hua Zhou , Xiaowu Dai

Methods based on representation learning currently hold the state-of-the-art in many natural language processing and knowledge base inference tasks. Yet, a major challenge is how to efficiently incorporate commonsense knowledge into such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-09-27 Thomas Demeester , Tim Rocktäschel , Sebastian Riedel

We develop a likelihood free inference procedure for conditioning a probabilistic model on a predicate. A predicate is a Boolean valued function which expresses a yes/no question about a domain. Our contribution, which we call predicate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-01-17 Zenna Tavares , Javier Burroni , Edgar Minaysan , Armando Solar Lezama , Rajesh Ranganath

When a matrix A with n columns is known to be well approximated by a linear combination of basis matrices B_1,..., B_p, we can apply A to a random vector and solve a linear system to recover this linear combination. The same technique can…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2011-10-20 Jiawei Chiu , Laurent Demanet

An automated explanation facility for Bayesian conditioning aimed at improving user acceptance of probability-based decision support systems has been developed. The domain-independent facility is based on an information processing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-11 Christopher Elsaesser

In this paper, we introduce a method for approximating the solution to inference and optimization tasks in uncertain and deterministic reasoning. Such tasks are in general intractable for exact algorithms because of the large number of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-12-12 David Ephraim Larkin

In many practical applications, such as fraud detection, credit risk modeling or medical decision making, classification models for assigning instances to a predefined set of classes are required to be both precise as well as interpretable.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-09-27 Jakob Raymaekers , Wouter Verbeke , Tim Verdonck

We aim to create the highest possible quality of treatment-control matches for categorical data in the potential outcomes framework. Matching methods are heavily used in the social sciences due to their interpretability, but most matching…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-06-11 Yameng Liu , Aw Dieng , Sudeepa Roy , Cynthia Rudin , Alexander Volfovsky

Identifying cause-effect relations among variables is a key step in the decision-making process. While causal inference requires randomized experiments, researchers and policymakers are increasingly using observational studies to test…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-11-22 Md Saiful Islam , Md Sarowar Morshed , Md. Noor-E-Alam

A set of probabilistic predictions is well calibrated if the events that are predicted to occur with probability p do in fact occur about p fraction of the time. Well calibrated predictions are particularly important when machine learning…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-01-14 Mahdi Pakdaman Naeini , Gregory F. Cooper , Milos Hauskrecht

Mathematical models are invaluable for understanding and predicting how biological systems behave, although their construction requires specifying mechanisms and relationships that are often not perfectly known. In the presence of multiple…

Causal analysis may be affected by selection bias, which is defined as the systematic exclusion of data from a certain subpopulation. Previous work in this area focused on the derivation of identifiability conditions. We propose instead a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-08-03 Marco Zaffalon , Alessandro Antonucci , Rafael Cabañas , David Huber , Dario Azzimonti

We investigate the discrimination of two candidates of an unknown parameter in quantum systems with continuous weak measurement, inspired by the application of hypothesis testing in distinguish-ing two Hamiltonians [Kiilerich and M{\o}lmer,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-24 Beili Gong , Wei Cui

Comparison of appropriate models to describe observational data is a fundamental task of science. The Bayesian model evidence, or marginal likelihood, is a computationally challenging, yet crucial, quantity to estimate to perform Bayesian…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-10 A. Spurio Mancini , M. M. Docherty , M. A. Price , J. D. McEwen