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Silent Errors within hardware devices occur when an internal defect manifests in a part of the circuit which does not have check logic to detect the incorrect circuit operation. The results of such a defect can range from flipping a single…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-03-18 Harish Dattatraya Dixit , Laura Boyle , Gautham Vunnam , Sneha Pendharkar , Matt Beadon , Sriram Sankar

Silent data corruption (SDC) threatens the reliability of large-scale GPU clusters used for training large language models, yet its rarity and lack of explicit error signals make accurate high-level modeling challenging. To address this…

Future extreme-scale computer systems may expose silent data corruption (SDC) to applications, in order to save energy or increase performance. However, resilience research struggles to come up with useful abstract programming models for…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2014-01-15 James Elliott , Mark Hoemmen , Frank Mueller

Silent Data Corruption (SDC) can have negative impact on large-scale infrastructure services. SDCs are not captured by error reporting mechanisms within a Central Processing Unit (CPU) and hence are not traceable at the hardware level.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Harish Dattatraya Dixit , Sneha Pendharkar , Matt Beadon , Chris Mason , Tejasvi Chakravarthy , Bharath Muthiah , Sriram Sankar

Spectral deferred corrections (SDC) is an iterative approach for constructing higher- order accurate numerical approximations of ordinary differential equations. SDC starts with an initial approximation of the solution defined at a set of…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2017-06-14 R. W. Grout , H. Kolla , M. L. Minion , J. B. Bell

Too many defective compute chips are escaping existing manufacturing tests -- at least an order of magnitude more than industrial targets across all compute chip types in data centers. Silent data corruptions (SDCs) caused by test escapes,…

As the scale of training large language models (LLMs) increases, one emergent failure is silent data corruption (SDC), where hardware produces incorrect computations without explicit failure signals. In this work, we are the first to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Jeffrey Ma , Hengzhi Pei , Leonard Lausen , George Karypis

High-performance and safety-critical system architects must accurately evaluate the application-level silent data corruption (SDC) rates of processors to soft errors. Such an evaluation requires error propagation all the way from particle…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Siva Kumar Sastry Hari , Paolo Rech , Timothy Tsai , Mark Stephenson , Arslan Zulfiqar , Michael Sullivan , Philip Shirvani , Paul Racunas , Joel Emer , Stephen W. Keckler

As Large Language Models (LLMs) scale in size and complexity, the consequences of failures during training become increasingly severe. A major challenge arises from Silent Data Corruption (SDC): hardware-induced faults that bypass…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Anton Altenbernd , Philipp Wiesner , Odej Kao

As supercomputers grow in hardware complexity, their susceptibility to faults increases and measures need to be taken to ensure the correctness of results. Some numerical algorithms have certain characteristics that allow them to recover…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Thomas Saupe , Sebastian Götschel , Thibaut Lunet , Daniel Ruprecht , Robert Speck

The spectral deferred correction (SDC) method is class of iterative solvers for ordinary differential equations (ODEs). It can be interpreted as a preconditioned Picard iteration for the collocation problem. The convergence of this method…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-11-03 Gitte Kremling , Robert Speck

Lossy compression is one of the most important strategies to resolve the big science data issue, however, little work was done to make it resilient against silent data corruptions (SDC). In fact, SDC is becoming non-negligible because of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Sihuan Li , Sheng Di , Kai Zhao , Xin Liang , Zizhong Chen , Franck Cappello

Parallel-across-the method time integration can provide small scale parallelism when solving initial value problems. Spectral deferred corrections (SDC) with a diagonal sweeper, which is closely related to iterated Runge-Kutta methods…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-02-12 Gayatri Čaklović , Thibaut Lunet , Sebastian Götschel , Daniel Ruprecht

The trend of increasing cluster sizes of supercomputers leads to a growing susceptibility to Silent Data Corruption (SDC) that can invalidate program results. A common strategy for SDC protection is replication, where the computation is…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Mia Reitz , Claudia Fohry

Spectral deferred correction (SDC) methods are an attractive approach to iteratively computing collocation solutions to an ODE by performing so-called sweeps with a low-order time stepping method. SDC allows to easily construct high order…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2016-03-18 Robert Speck , Daniel Ruprecht , Michael Minion , Matthew Emmett , Rolf Krause

Silent data corruptions (SDCs) hinder the correctness of long-running scientific applications on large scale computing systems. Selective particle replication (SPR) is proposed herein as the first particle-based replication method for…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Aurélien Cavelan , Rubén M. Cabezón , Florina M. Ciorba

Application developers often place executable assertions -- equipped with program-specific predicates -- in their system, targeting programming errors. However, these detectors can detect data errors resulting from transient hardware faults…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-08-23 Michael Lenz , Horst Schirmeier

Spectral Deferred Correction (SDC) is an iterative method for the numerical solution of ordinary differential equations. It works by refining the numerical solution for an initial value problem by approximately solving differential…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-09-09 Thomas Saupe , Sebastian Götschel , Thibaut Lunet , Daniel Ruprecht , Robert Speck

Instruction-level error injection analyses aim to find instructions where errors often lead to unacceptable outcomes like Silent Data Corruptions (SDCs). These analyses require significant time, which is especially problematic if developers…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Keyur Joshi , Rahul Singh , Tommaso Bassetto , Sarita Adve , Darko Marinov , Sasa Misailovic

The advent of edge computing has enabled resource-constrained clients to delegate intensive computational tasks to distributed edge servers, especially within Internet of Things (IoT) environments. Among such tasks, Matrix Determinant…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Prajwal Panth
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