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In this chapter we review stochastic modelling methods in climate science. First we provide a conceptual framework for stochastic modelling of deterministic dynamical systems based on the Mori-Zwanzig formalism. The Mori-Zwanzig equations…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2016-12-23 Georg A. Gottwald , Daan T. Crommelin , Christian L. E. Franzke

A stochastic field theory approach is applied to a coarse-grained polymer model that will enable studies of polymer behavior under non-equilibrium conditions. This article is focused on the validation of the new model in comparison to…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-03-04 Shangren Zhu , Patrick T. Underhill

Recent advances in modeling density distributions, so-called neural density fields, can accurately describe the density distribution of celestial bodies without, e.g., requiring a shape model - properties of great advantage when designing…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-06-01 Jonas Schuhmacher , Fabio Gratl , Dario Izzo , Pablo Gómez

Many complex systems are characterized by intriguing spatio-temporal structures. Their mathematical description relies on the analysis of appropriate correlation functions. Functional integral techniques provide a unifying formalism that…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-12 Uwe C. Tauber

Modern neuroscience has evolved into a frontier field that draws on numerous disciplines, resulting in the flourishing of novel conceptual frames primarily inspired by physics and complex systems science. Contributing in this direction, we…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-12-09 Giampiero Bardella , Simone Franchini , Pierpaolo Pani , Stefano Ferraina

Deep learning has become a pivotal technology in fields such as computer vision, scientific computing, and dynamical systems, significantly advancing these disciplines. However, neural Networks persistently face challenges related to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Yongshuai Liu , Lianfang Wang , Kuilin Qin , Qinghua Zhang , Faqiang Wang , Li Cui , Jun Liu , Yuping Duan , Tieyong Zeng

In modern science, computer models are often used to understand complex phenomena, and a thriving statistical community has grown around analyzing them. This review aims to bring a spotlight to the growing prevalence of stochastic computer…

We present a new modeling paradigm for optimization that we call random field optimization. Random fields are a powerful modeling abstraction that aims to capture the behavior of random variables that live on infinite-dimensional spaces…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-01-26 Joshua L. Pulsipher , Benjamin R. Davidson , Victor M. Zavala

Differential equations are used in a wide variety of disciplines, describing the complex behavior of the physical world. Analytic solutions to these equations are often difficult to solve for, limiting our current ability to solve complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Ethan Mills , Alexey Pozdnyakov

Understanding the optimization dynamics of neural networks is necessary for closing the gap between theory and practice. Stochastic first-order optimization algorithms are known to efficiently locate favorable minima in deep neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Charles Guille-Escuret , Hiroki Naganuma , Kilian Fatras , Ioannis Mitliagkas

Many modern applications of the artificial neural networks ensue large number of layers making traditional digital implementations increasingly complex. Optical neural networks offer parallel processing at high bandwidth, but have the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-08-24 Egor Manuylovich , Diego Argüello Ron , Morteza Kamalian-Kopae , Sergei Turitsyn

We are concerned with the numerical solution of a class integro-differential equations, known as Neural Field Equations, which describe the large-scale dynamics of spatially structured networks of neurons. These equations have many…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2015-09-01 Pedro M. Lima , Evelyn Buckwar

This work proposes an extension of neural ordinary differential equations (NODEs) by introducing an additional set of ODE input parameters to NODEs. This extension allows NODEs to learn multiple dynamics specified by the input parameter…

Computational Physics · Physics 2021-11-17 Kookjin Lee , Eric J. Parish

Fields offer a versatile approach for describing complex systems composed of interacting and dynamic components. In particular, some of these dynamical and stochastic systems may exhibit goal-directed behaviors aimed at achieving specific…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Yibo Jacky Zhang , Sanmi Koyejo

Neural fields encode continuous multidimensional signals as neural networks, enabling diverse applications in computer vision, robotics, and geometry. While Adam is effective for stochastic optimization, it often requires long training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Shin-Fang Chng , Hemanth Saratchandran , Simon Lucey

Neural Stochastic Differential Equations model a dynamical environment with neural nets assigned to their drift and diffusion terms. The high expressive power of their nonlinearity comes at the expense of instability in the identification…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-01 Manuel Haussmann , Sebastian Gerwinn , Andreas Look , Barbara Rakitsch , Melih Kandemir

Ocean current, fluid mechanics, and many other spatio-temporal physical dynamical systems are essential components of the universe. One key characteristic of such systems is that certain physics laws -- represented as ordinary/partial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-16 Yu Huang , James Li , Min Shi , Hanqi Zhuang , Xingquan Zhu , Laurent Chérubin , James VanZwieten , Yufei Tang

Stochastic optimal control and games have a wide range of applications, from finance and economics to social sciences, robotics, and energy management. Many real-world applications involve complex models that have driven the development of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-12 Ruimeng Hu , Mathieu Laurière

Uncertainty plays a key role in future prediction. The future is uncertain. That means there might be many possible futures. A future prediction method should cover the whole possibilities to be robust. In autonomous driving, covering…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-28 Adil Kaan Akan

Stochastic differential equations (SDEs) are used to describe a wide variety of complex stochastic dynamical systems. Learning the hidden physics within SDEs is crucial for unraveling fundamental understanding of these systems' stochastic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Jared O'Leary , Joel A. Paulson , Ali Mesbah