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Kinetic and hydrodynamic models describing early stages of relativistic heavy-ion collisions are discussed. We emphasise the role of the shear-bulk coupling for the correct determination of the time dependence of the bulk viscous pressure.

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2014-10-08 Wojciech Florkowski

Variable density flows occur in a variety of different systems with a wide range of scales, from astrophysics to atmospheric flows to inertial confinement fusion or reacting flows. Given the inherent limitations of RANS simulations, it is…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2020-01-01 Jan Felix Heyse , Zhu Huang , Gianluca Iaccarino

We propose to use the hadron number fluctuations in the limited momentum regions to study the evolution of initial flows in high energy nuclear collisions. In this method by a proper preparation of a collision sample the projectile and…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 Marek Gazdzicki , Mark Gorenstein

The 2D azimuth & rapidity structure of the two-particle correlations in relativistic A+A collisions is altered significantly by the presence of sharp inhomogeneities in superdense matter formed in such processes. The causality constraints…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2013-09-10 M. S. Borysova , O. D. Borysov , Iu. A. Karpenko , V. M. Shapoval , Yu. M. Sinyukov

We present an event-by-event hydrodynamical framework which takes into account the initial density fluctuations arising from a Monte Carlo Glauber model. The elliptic flow is calculated with the event plane method and a one-to-one…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-05-28 Hannu Holopainen , Harri Niemi , Kari J. Eskola

The experimental observation of collective behaviour in proton-proton and proton-nucleus collisions poses a fundamental theoretical question regarding the proper characterization of the initial state underlying hydrodynamic evolution. While…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-05-28 Gabriel Rabelo-Soares , Gojko Vujanovic , Giorgio Torrieri

Collective flow coefficients and spin polarization are valuable probes of the geometry and flow velocity field of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Using a modified TRENTo initial condition coupled…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-08-13 Ze-Fang Jiang , Shanshan Cao , Ben-Wei Zhang

We explore theoretical uncertainties in the hydrodynamic description of relativistic heavy-ion collisions by examining the full non-linear causality conditions and quantifying the second-order transport coefficients' role on flow…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2021-06-09 Cheng Chiu , Chun Shen

This paper combines the particle-swap Monte Carlo algorithm with long GPU molecular dynamics simulations to analyze the dynamics of a ternary Lennard-Jones glass-forming liquid in the extremely viscous regime. The focus is on the inherent…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-03-25 Thomas B. Schrøder , Jeppe C. Dyre , Camille Scalliet

Elliptic flow measurements are presented and discussed with emphasis on the hydrodynamic character of the hot and dense QCD matter created in heavy ion collisions at RHIC. Predictions from perfect fluid hydrodynamics for the scaling of the…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2008-11-26 Roy A. Lacey , Arkadij Taranenko

A new framework for evaluating hydrodynamic models of relativistic heavy ion collisions has been developed. This framework, a Comprehesive Heavy Ion Model Evaluation and Reporting Algorithm (CHIMERA) has been implemented by augmenting UVH…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2013-04-10 R. A. Soltz , I. Garishvili , M. Cheng , B. Abelev , A. Glenn , J. Newby , L. A. Linden Levy , S. Pratt

We use effective kinetic theory to study the pre-equilibrium dynamics in heavy-ion collisions. We describe the evolution of linearized energy perturbations on top of out-of-equilibrium background to the energy-momentum tensor at a time when…

A hydrodynamic + cascade model of relativistic heavy ion collisions is presented and compared to available hadronic data from the SPS to RHIC. The model consistently reproduces the radial and elliptic flow data for different particles,…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2021-08-12 D. Teaney , J. Lauret , E. V. Shuryak

Hydrodynamic model simulations of Au-Au collisions at RHIC have indicated recently, that with improved simulations in the coming years, it may be feasible to quantify the viscosity of the matter produced in heavy ion collisions. To this…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Rudolf Baier , Paul Romatschke , Urs Achim Wiedemann

A simple approach is proposed allowing actual calculations of the preequilibrium dynamics in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions to be performed for a far-from-equilibrium initial state. The method is based on the phenomenological…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2010-07-08 S. V. Akkelin , Yu. M. Sinyukov

Ten years ago, relativistic viscous fluid dynamics was formulated from first principles in an effective field theory framework, based entirely on the knowledge of symmetries and long-lived degrees of freedom. In the same year, numerical…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2019-05-21 Paul Romatschke , Ulrike Romatschke

The elliptic flow in collisions of neutron-rich heavy-ion systems at intermediate energies emerges as an observable sensitive to the strength of the symmetry energy at supra-saturation densities. First results obtained by comparing ratios…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2014-02-06 W. Trautmann , H. H. Wolter

The elliptic flows of thermal di-electrons are investigated within a (2+1)-dimension event-by-event hydrodynamic model for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV. The fluctuating initial conditions are given by the Monte Carlo Glauber…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-09-15 Hao-jie Xu , Longgang Pang , Qun Wang

We have developed a next-generation hybrid event-by-event three-fluid hydrodynamic model, suitable for simulations of heavy-ion collisions in the energy range from few up to tens of GeV per colliding NN pair. At such energies the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-10-10 Jakub Cimerman , Iurii Karpenko , Boris Tomasik , Pasi Huovinen

The fluid-dynamical modeling of a nuclear collision at high energy usually starts shortly after the collision. A major source of uncertainty comes from the detailed modeling of the initial state. While the collision itself likely involves…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-04-16 Andreas Kirchner , Federica Capellino , Eduardo Grossi , Stefan Floerchinger