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Related papers: A New Loophole in Recent Bell Test Experiments

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We discuss if experimental tests of Bell inequalities performed with pseudoscalar mesons (K or B) can be definitive. Our conclusion is that this is not the case, for the efficiency loophole cannot be eliminated.

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-07 M. Genovese , C. Novero , E. Predazzi

Certifying genuine nonclassical correlations over long distances is crucial for device-independent (DI) quantum information protocols. However, in photonic platforms this remains technologically challenging due to photon loss, which opens…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 Yazeed K. Alwehaibi , Ewan Mer , Gerard J. Machado , Shang Yu , Ian A. Walmsley , Raj B. Patel

We present a detailed investigation of minimum detection efficiencies, below which locality cannot be violated by any quantum system of any dimension in bipartite Bell experiments. Lower bounds on these minimum detection efficiencies are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 J. Wilms , Y. Disser , G. Alber , I. C. Percival

In this Letter, we present a cosmic Bell experiment with polarization-entangled photons, in which measurement settings were determined based on real-time measurements of the wavelength of photons from high-redshift quasars, whose light was…

We study the problem of certifying quantum steering in a detection-loophole-free manner in experimental situations that require post-selection. We present a method to find the modified local-hidden-state bound of steering inequalities in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-05 Ana Belén Sainz , Yelena Guryanova , Will McCutcheon , Paul Skrzypczyk

I discuss an experiment demonstrating nonlocality and conservation of energy under the assumption that the decision of the outcome happens at detection. The experiment does not require Bell's inequalities and is loophole-free. I further…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-04-10 Antoine Suarez

Bell-state projections serve as a fundamental basis for most quantum communication and computing protocols today. However, with current Bell-state measurement schemes based on linear optics, only two of four Bell states can be identified,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-06 Matthias J. Bayerbach , Simone E. D'Aurelio , Peter van Loock , Stefanie Barz

We develop a framework for certifying randomness from Bell-test trials based on directly estimating the probability of the measurement outcomes with adaptive test supermartingales. The number of trials need not be predetermined, and one can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-30 Emanuel Knill , Yanbao Zhang , Peter Bierhorst

The non-locality of quantum correlations is a fundamental feature of quantum theory. The Bell inequality serves as a benchmark for distinguishing between predictions made by quantum theory and local hidden variable theory (LHVT). Recent…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2025-07-02 BESIII Collaboration , M. Ablikim , M. N. Achasov , P. Adlarson , X. C. Ai , R. Aliberti , A. Amoroso , M. R. An , Q. An , Y. Bai , O. Bakina , I. Balossino , Y. Ban , V. Batozskaya , K. Begzsuren , N. Berger , M. Berlowski , M. Bertani , D. Bettoni , F. Bianchi , E. Bianco , A. Bortone , I. Boyko , R. A. Briere , A. Brueggemann , H. Cai , X. Cai , A. Calcaterra , G. F. Cao , N. Cao , S. A. Cetin , J. F. Chang , T. T. Chang , W. L. Chang , G. R. Che , G. Chelkov , C. Chen , Chao Chen , G. Chen , H. S. Chen , M. L. Chen , S. J. Chen , S. M. Chen , T. Chen , X. R. Chen , X. T. Chen , Y. B. Chen , Y. Q. Chen , Z. J. Chen , W. S. Cheng , S. K. Choi , X. Chu , G. Cibinetto , S. C. Coen , F. Cossio , J. J. Cui , H. L. Dai , J. P. Dai , A. Dbeyssi , R. E. de Boer , D. Dedovich , Z. Y. Deng , A. Denig , I. Denysenko , M. Destefanis , F. DeMori , B. Ding , X. X. Ding , Y. Ding , Y. Ding , J. Dong , L. Y. Dong , M. Y. Dong , X. Dong , M. C. Du , S. X. Du , Z. H. Duan , P. Egorov , Y. L. Fan , J. Fang , S. S. Fang , W. X. Fang , Y. Fang , R. Farinelli , L. Fava , F. Feldbauer , G. Felici , C. Q. Feng , J. H. Feng , K. Fischer , M. Fritsch , C. Fritzsch , C. D. Fu , J. L. Fu , Y. W. Fu , H. Gao , Y. N. Gao , YangGao , S. Garbolino , I. Garzia , P. T. Ge , Z. W. Ge , C. Geng , E. M. Gersabeck , AGilman , K. Goetzen , L. Gong , W. X. Gong , W. Gradl , S. Gramigna , M. Greco , M. H. Gu , C. YGuan , Z. L. Guan , A. Q. Guo , L. B. Guo , M. J. Guo , R. P. Guo , Y. P. Guo , A. Guskov , T. T. Han , W. Y. Han , X. Q. Hao , F. A. Harris , K. K. He , K. L. He , F. HH. . Heinsius , C. H. Heinz , Y. K. Heng , C. Herold , T. Holtmann , P. C. Hong , G. Y. Hou , X. T. Hou , Y. R. Hou , Z. L. Hou , H. M. Hu , J. F. Hu , T. Hu , Y. Hu , G. S. Huang , K. X. Huang , L. Q. Huang , X. T. Huang , Y. P. Huang , T. Hussain , NHüsken , W. Imoehl , J. Jackson , S. Jaeger , S. Janchiv , J. H. Jeong , Q. Ji , Q. P. Ji , X. B. Ji , X. L. Ji , Y. Y. 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Pathak , P. Patteri , Y. P. Pei , M. Pelizaeus , H. P. Peng , K. Peters , J. L. Ping , R. G. Ping , S. Plura , S. Pogodin , V. Prasad , F. Z. Qi , H. Qi , H. R. Qi , M. Qi , T. Y. Qi , S. Qian , W. B. Qian , C. F. Qiao , J. J. Qin , L. Q. Qin , X. P. Qin , X. S. Qin , Z. H. Qin , J. F. Qiu , S. Q. Qu , C. F. Redmer , K. J. Ren , A. Rivetti , V. Rodin , M. Rolo , G. Rong , Ch. Rosner , S. N. Ruan , N. Salone , A. Sarantsev , Y. Schelhaas , K. Schoenning , M. Scodeggio , K. Y. Shan , W. Shan , X. Y. Shan , J. F. Shangguan , L. G. Shao , M. Shao , C. P. Shen , H. F. Shen , W. H. Shen , X. Y. Shen , B. A. Shi , H. C. Shi , J. L. Shi , J. Y. Shi , Q. Q. Shi , R. S. Shi , X. Shi , J. J. Song , T. Z. Song , W. M. Song , Y. J. Song , Y. X. Song , S. Sosio , S. Spataro , F. Stieler , Y. J. Su , G. B. Sun , G. X. Sun , H. Sun , H. K. Sun , J. F. Sun , K. Sun , L. Sun , S. S. Sun , T. Sun , W. Y. Sun , Y. Sun , Y. J. Sun , Y. Z. Sun , Z. T. Sun , Y. X. Tan , C. J. Tang , G. Y. Tang , J. 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The Bell inequality is thought to be a common constraint shared by all models of local hidden variables that aim to describe the entangled states of two qubits. Since the inequality is violated by the quantum mechanical description of these…

General Physics · Physics 2020-08-05 David H. Oaknin

Assuming perfect detection efficiency, we present an (indeterministic) model for an EPR-Bohm experiment which reproduces the singlet correlations, without contradicting Bell's original locality condition. In this model we allow the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-08-31 David Rodriguez

It is currently widely accepted, as a result of Bell's theorem and related experiments, that quantum mechanics is inconsistent with local realism and there is the so called quantum non-locality. We show that such a claim can be justified…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Andrei Khrennikov , Igor Volovich

In their recent comment, published in Nature, Jeffrey T.Leek and Roger D.Peng discuss how P-values are widely abused in null hypothesis significance testing . We agree completely with them and in this short comment we discuss the importance…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-26 Marian Kupczynski

We consider a possible detector-efficiency loophole in experiments that detect entanglement via the local measurement of witness operators. Here, only local properties of the detectors are known. We derive a general threshold for the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-07-18 Patrick Skwara , Hermann Kampermann , Matthias Kleinmann , Dagmar Bruss

An experiment is described which proves, using single photons only, that the standard hidden variables assumptions (commonly used to derive Bell inequalities) are inconsistent with quantum mechanics. The analysis is very simple and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-06-22 Arnold Neumaier

We study the problem of closing the detection loophole in three-qubit Bell tests, the experimentally most relevant case beyond the usual bipartite scenario, and show that the minimal detection efficiencies required can be considerably…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-08-12 Karoly F. Pal , Tamas Vertesi

Bell tests are of profound statistical nature. Besides physical considerations, the proper understanding of their implications should involve detailed statistical analyses. In this regard, recent works have shown that their consequences and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-10 Alfredo Luis

Several authors have recently claimed that Bell's inequalities (BI) do not apply to certain types of generalized local hidden variables (HV) models. These claims are rejected, by means of a proof of BI valid for a very broad class of local…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Angel G. Valdenebro

Bell's test, initially devised to distinguish quantum theory from local hidden variable models through {violations of local bounds}, is also a common tool for detecting entanglement. For this purpose, one can assume the quantum description…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-21 Liang-Liang Sun , Yong-Shun Song , Sixia Yu

A basic assumption behind the inequalities used for testing noncontextual hidden variable models is that the observables measured on the same individual system are perfectly compatible. However, compatibility is not perfect in actual…