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Recent work suggests that a type of nudge or priming technique called the presentation effect may potentially improve the security of PassPoints-style graphical passwords. These nudges attempt to prime or non-intrusively bias user password…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-23 Zach Parish , Amirali Salehi-Abari , Julie Thorpe

Users often choose passwords that are easy to remember but also easy to guess by attackers. Recent studies have revealed the vulnerability of textual passwords to shoulder surfing and keystroke loggers. It remains a critical challenge in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2014-07-29 Mahdi Nasrullah Al-Ameen , S M Taiabul Haque , Matthew Wright

Two-factor authentication (2F) aims to enhance resilience of password-based authentication by requiring users to provide an additional authentication factor, e.g., a code generated by a security token. However, it also introduces…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-02-03 Emiliano De Cristofaro , Honglu Du , Julien Freudiger , Greg Norcie

Multi-Factor Authentication is intended to strengthen the security of password-based authentication by adding another factor, such as hardware tokens or one-time passwords using mobile apps. However, this increased authentication security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Sabrina Amft , Sandra Höltervennhoff , Nicolas Huaman , Alexander Krause , Lucy Simko , Yasemin Acar , Sascha Fahl

The use of passwords and the need to protect passwords are not going away. The majority of websites that require authentication continue to support password authentication. Even high-security applications such as Internet Banking portals,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-11-13 Teik Guan Tan , Pawel Szalachowski , Jianying Zhou

Humans possess a large amount of, and almost limitless, visual memory, that assists them to remember pictures far better than words. This phenomenon has recently motivated the computer security researchers' in academia and industry to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-05-31 Shahid Alam

Passwords remain the primary authentication method, yet user-created passwords are often the weakest due to the security-usability trade-off. Although AI-based password generators are emerging, little is known about their effectiveness and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Duru Paker , Suleyman Ozdel , Enkelejda Kasneci

We propose a two-factor authentication (2FA) mechanism called 2D-2FA to address security and usability issues in existing methods. 2D-2FA has three distinguishing features: First, after a user enters a username and password on a login…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Maliheh Shirvanian , Shashank Agrawal

We propose and evaluate an authentication scheme that improves usability and user experience issues in the authentication process due to its reliance on people's aesthetic tastes and preferences. The scheme uses aesthetic images to verify…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Noam Tractinsky , Denis Klimov

Given the choice, users produce passwords reflecting common strategies and patterns that ease recall but offer uncertain and often weak security. System-assigned passwords provide measurable security but suffer from poor memorability. To…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2015-03-10 Mahdi Nasrullah Al-Ameen , Matthew Wright , Shannon Scielzo

With the rapid development of internet technologies, social networks, and other related areas, user authentication becomes more and more important to protect the data of users. Password authentication is one of the widely used methods to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Lifeng Han

Biometric systems based on Machine learning and Deep learning are being extensively used as authentication mechanisms in resource-constrained environments like smartphones and other small computing devices. These AI-powered facial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Mohit Raghavendra , Pravan Omprakash , B R Mukesh , Sowmya Kamath

Image security for information has become increasingly critical as internet become more prevalent due to hacking and unauthorized access. To ensure the security of confidential image data, image encryption using visual cryptography plays a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Dipak K. Rabari , Yogesh K. Meghrajani , Laxmi S. Desai

Vulnerabilities related to weak passwords are a pressing global economic and security issue. We report a novel, simple, and effective approach to address the weak password problem. Building upon chaotic dynamics, criticality at phase…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-05-27 T. V. Laptyeva , S. Flach , K. Kladko

We propose a graphical authentication scheme that follows a simple ``Pick and Sort'' design in which users choose visual elements and arrange them within a grid. Both the number of selected elements and the grid size are configurable, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Argianto Rahartomo , AmirHossein Jamshidipoor , Mohammad Ghafari

Traditional single-factor authentication possesses several critical security vulnerabilities due to single-point failure feature. Multi-factor authentication (MFA), intends to enhance security by providing additional verification steps.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-08-19 Sanchari Das , Bingxing Wang , L. Jean Camp

A secure human identification protocol aims at authenticating human users to a remote server when even the users' inputs are not hidden from an adversary. Recently, the authors proposed a human identification protocol in the RSA Conference…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Hassan Jameel , Heejo Lee , Sungyoung Lee

This paper investigates how to effectively stop an attacker from using compromised user credentials to gain authorized entry to systems that they are otherwise not authorised to access. The proposed solution extends previous work to move…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-01-09 Roy Henha Eyono

Current authentication methods on the Web have serious weaknesses. First, services heavily rely on the traditional password paradigm, which diminishes the end-users' security and usability. Second, the lack of attribute-based authentication…

Password authentication is a weak point for security as passwords are easily stolen and a user may ignore the security by using a simple password. Therefore, services increasingly demand a second factor. While this may enhance security, it…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Anastasia Dimaratos , Daniela Pöhn