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Randomized algorithms are often enjoyed for their simplicity, but the hash functions employed to yield the desired probabilistic guarantees are often too complicated to be practical. Here we survey recent results on how simple hashing…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-01-04 Mikkel Thorup

Simple tabulation hashing dates back to Zobrist in 1970 and is defined as follows: Each key is viewed as $c$ characters from some alphabet $\Sigma$, we have $c$ fully random hash functions $h_0, \ldots, h_{c - 1} \colon \Sigma \to \{0,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Jakob Bæk Tejs Houen , Mikkel Thorup

Randomized algorithms are often enjoyed for their simplicity, but the hash functions used to yield the desired theoretical guarantees are often neither simple nor practical. Here we show that the simplest possible tabulation hashing…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-05-10 Mihai Patrascu , Mikkel Thorup

A tabulation-based hash function maps a key into d derived characters indexing random values in tables that are then combined with bitwise xor operations to give the hash. Thorup and Zhang (2004) presented d-wise independent…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-12-15 Toryn Qwyllyn Klassen , Philipp Woelfel

A random hash function $h$ is $\varepsilon$-minwise if for any set $S$, $|S|=n$, and element $x\in S$, $\Pr[h(x)=\min h(S)]=(1\pm\varepsilon)/n$. Minwise hash functions with low bias $\varepsilon$ have widespread applications within…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-05-02 Søren Dahlgaard , Mikkel Thorup

Previous work on tabulation hashing by Patrascu and Thorup from STOC'11 on simple tabulation and from SODA'13 on twisted tabulation offered Chernoff-style concentration bounds on hash based sums, e.g., the number of balls/keys hashing to a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Anders Aamand , Jakob B. T. Knudsen , Mathias B. T. Knudsen , Peter M. R. Rasmussen , Mikkel Thorup

We consider the following fundamental problems: (1) Constructing $k$-independent hash functions with a space-time tradeoff close to Siegel's lower bound. (2) Constructing representations of unbalanced expander graphs having small size and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-06-12 Tobias Christiani , Rasmus Pagh , Mikkel Thorup

A history-independent data structure does not reveal the history of operations applied to it, only its current logical state, even if its internal state is examined. This paper studies history-independent concurrent dictionaries, in…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Hagit Attiya , Michael A. Bender , Martín Farach-Colton , Rotem Oshman , Noa Schiller

It is shown that for cuckoo hashing with a stash as proposed by Kirsch, Mitzenmacher, and Wieder (2008) families of very simple hash functions can be used, maintaining the favorable performance guarantees: with stash size $s$ the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-04-20 Martin Aumüller , Martin Dietzfelbinger , Philipp Woelfel

Hashing is a common technique used in data processing, with a strong impact on the time and resources spent on computation. Hashing also affects the applicability of theoretical results that often assume access to (unrealistic)…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Ioana O. Bercea , Lorenzo Beretta , Jonas Klausen , Jakob Bæk Tejs Houen , Mikkel Thorup

Randomized algorithms and data structures are often analyzed under the assumption of access to a perfect source of randomness. The most fundamental metric used to measure how "random" a hash function or a random number generator is, is its…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-02-23 Mathias Bæk Tejs Knudsen , Morten Stöckel

For years, independence has been considered as an important concept in many disciplines. Nevertheless, we present the first research that investigates the discovery problem of independence in data. In its arguably simplest form,…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-01-08 Miika Hannula , Bor-Kuan Song , Sebastian Link

We show that linear probing requires 5-independent hash functions for expected constant-time performance, matching an upper bound of [Pagh et al. STOC'07]. More precisely, we construct a 4-independent hash functions yielding expected…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-12-25 Mikkel Thorup

Despite being one of the oldest data structures in computer science, hash tables continue to be the focus of a great deal of both theoretical and empirical research. A central reason for this is that many of the fundamental properties that…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Michael A. Bender , Alex Conway , Martín Farach-Colton , William Kuszmaul , Guido Tagliavini

Hash-based sampling and estimation are common themes in computing. Using hashing for sampling gives us the coordination needed to compare samples from different sets. Hashing is also used when we want to count distinct elements. The quality…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Anders Aamand , Ioana O. Bercea , Jakob Bæk Tejs Houen , Jonas Klausen , Mikkel Thorup

Identifying independence between two random variables or correlated given their samples has been a fundamental problem in Statistics. However, how to do so in a space-efficient way if the number of states is large is not quite well-studied.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-11-21 Zhenhao Gu , Hao Zhang

In a recent paper from SODA11 \cite{kminwise} the authors introduced a general framework for exponential time improvement of \minwise based algorithms by defining and constructing almost \kmin independent family of hash functions. Here we…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-02-18 Guy Feigenblat , Ely Porat , Ariel Shiftan

Suppose that we are to place $m$ balls into $n$ bins sequentially using the $d$-choice paradigm: For each ball we are given a choice of $d$ bins, according to $d$ hash functions $h_1,\dots,h_d$ and we place the ball in the least loaded of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-04-26 Anders Aamand , Mathias Bæk Tejs Knudsen , Mikkel Thorup

To get estimators that work within a certain error bound with high probability, a common strategy is to design one that works with constant probability, and then boost the probability using independent repetitions. Important examples of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-04-03 Anders Aamand , Debarati Das , Evangelos Kipouridis , Jakob B. T. Knudsen , Peter M. R. Rasmussen , Mikkel Thorup

In this paper we analyze a hash function for $k$-partitioning a set into bins, obtaining strong concentration bounds for standard algorithms combining statistics from each bin. This generic method was originally introduced by Flajolet and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-02-16 Søren Dahlgaard , Mathias Bæk Tejs Knudsen , Eva Rotenberg , Mikkel Thorup
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