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Single-photon detectors are ubiquitous and integral components of photonic quantum cryptography, communication, and computation. Many applications, however, require not only detecting the presence of any photons, but distinguishing the…
The integrated optical circuit is a promising architecture for the realization of complex quantum optical states and information networks. One element that is required for many of these applications is a high-efficiency photon detector…
Optical imaging methods are typically restricted to a resolution of order of the probing light wavelength $\lambda_p$ by the Rayleigh diffraction limit. This limit can be circumvented by making use of multiphoton detection of correlated…
We present the experimental demonstration of a superconducting photon number resolving detector. It is based on the series connection of N superconducting nanowires, each connected in parallel to an integrated resistor. The device provides…
Quantum metrology has been shown to surpass classical limits of correlation, resolution, and sensitivity. It has been introduced to interferometric Radar schemes, with intriguing preliminary results. Even quantum-inspired detection of…
We present a frequency domain model of shot noise in the photodetection of ultrashort optical pulse trains using a time-varying analysis. Shot noise-limited photocurrent power spectral densities, signal-to-noise expressions, and shot noise…
We study the feasibility of sub-shot-noise interferometry with imperfect detectors, starting from twin-Fock states and two mode squeezed vacuum states. We derive analytical expressions for the corresponding phase uncertainty. We find that…
To benefit high-power interferometry and the creation of low-noise light sources, we develop a simple lead-compensated photodetector enabling quantum-limited readout from 0.3 mW to 10 mW and 10 k$\Omega$ transimpedance gain from 85 Hz - 35…
Quantum mechanics, through the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, imposes limits to the precision of measurement. Conventional measurement techniques typically fail to reach these limits. Conventional bounds to the precision of measurements…
We report the continuous and partially nondestructive measurement of optical photons. For a weak light pulse traveling through a slow-light optical medium (signal), the associated atomic-excitation component is detected by another light…
Quantum number-path entanglement is a resource for super-sensitive quantum metrology and in particular provides for sub-shotnoise or even Heisenberg-limited sensitivity. However, such number-path entanglement has thought to have been…
Motivated by the importance of optical microscopes to science and engineering, scientists have pondered for centuries how to improve their resolution and the existence of fundamental resolution limits. In recent years, a new class of…
Quantum metrology has many important applications in science and technology, ranging from frequency spectroscopy to gravitational wave detection. Quantum mechanics imposes a fundamental limit on measurement precision, called the Heisenberg…
It has been suggested that both quantum superpositions and nonlinear interactions are important resources for quantum metrology. However, to date the different roles that these two resources play in the precision enhancement are not well…
The sensitivity of classical and quantum sensing is impaired in a noisy environment. Thus, one of the main challenges facing sensing protocols is to reduce the noise while preserving the signal. State of the art quantum sensing protocols…
The precision of phase estimation with interferometers can be greatly enhanced using non-classical quantum states, and the SU(11) interferometer is an elegant scheme, which generates two-mode squeezed state internally and also amplifies the…
We utilize a homodyne detection technique to achieve a new sensitivity limit for atom-based, absolute radio-frequency electric field sensing of $\mathrm{5 \mu V cm^{-1} Hz^{-1/2} }$. A Mach-Zehnder interferometer is used for the homodyne…
Superresolution techniques based on intensity measurements after a spatial mode decomposition can overcome the precision of diffraction-limited direct imaging. However, realistic measurement devices always introduce finite crosstalk in any…
It is commonly maintained that entanglement is necessary to beat the shot noise limit in the sensitivity with which certain parameters can be measured in interferometric experiments. Here we show that, with a fluctuating number of two-mode…
Critical phenomena of quantum systems offer a promising strategy to improve measurement precision. So far, many criticality-enhanced quantum metrological schemes have been proposed by using the adiabatically evolved photonic states of…