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General circulation models (GCMs) are the foundation of weather and climate prediction. GCMs are physics-based simulators which combine a numerical solver for large-scale dynamics with tuned representations for small-scale processes such as…

Uranus and Neptune are the least explored planets in the Solar System. A key question regarding the two planets is the similarity of their observed flows despite the great differences in their obliquity and internal heating. To answer this…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-10-29 Ilai Guendelman , Yoahi Kaspi

Our purpose is to release a chemical network, and the associated rate coefficients, developed for the temperature and pressure range relevant to hot Jupiters atmospheres. Using this network, we study the vertical atmospheric composition of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2012-09-19 Olivia Venot , Eric Hébrard , Marcelino Agùndez , Michel Dobrijevic , Franck Selsis , Franck Hersant , Nicolas Iro , Roda Bounaceur

The vertical mixing in hot Jupiter atmospheres plays a critical role in the formation and spacial distribution of cloud particles in their atmospheres. This affects the observed spectra of a planet through cloud opacity, which can be…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-11-13 Pascal A. Noti , Elspeth K. H. Lee

Deep learning (DL)-based general circulation models (GCMs) are emerging as fast simulators, yet their ability to replicate extreme events outside their training range remains unknown. Here, we evaluate two such models -- the hybrid Neural…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-10-28 Zilu Meng , Gregory J. Hakim , Wenchang Yang , Gabriel A. Vecchi

An improved high-resolution ground-to-thermosphere version of the Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace (IPSL) Venus General Circulation Model (VGCM), including non-orographic gravity waves (GW) parameterization and fine-tuned non-LTE parameters,…

Two-dimensional simulations of hot Jupiter upper atmospheres including the planet's magnetic field are presented. The goal is to explore magnetic effects on the layer of the atmosphere that is ionized and heated by stellar EUV radiation,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-19 George B. Trammell , Zhi-Yun Li , Phil Arras

Improving upon our purely dynamical work, we present three-dimensional simulations of the atmospheric circulation on Earth-like (exo)planets and hot Jupiters using the GFDL-Princeton Flexible Modeling System (FMS). As the first steps away…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 Kevin Heng , Dargan M. W. Frierson , Peter J. Phillipps

Hot Jupiters are new laboratories for the physics of giant planet atmospheres. Subject to unusual forcing conditions, the circulation regime on these planets may be unlike anything known in the Solar System. Characterizing the atmospheric…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-10-17 Adam P. Showman , Kristen Menou , James Y-K. Cho

We present a computationally efficient 1-D seasonal radiative model, with convective adjustment, of Jupiter's atmosphere. Our model takes into account radiative forcings from the main hydrocarbons (methane, ethane, acetylene), ammonia,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-11-13 Sandrine Guerlet , Aymeric Spiga , Thierry Fouchet , Hugues Delattre

In the context of future Venusian missions, it is crucial to improve our understanding of Venus upper atmosphere through 3D modeling, notably for spacecraft orbit computation. This study compares three General Circulation Models (GCMs) of…

The atmospheres of ultra-hot Jupiters are commonly considered to be at thermochemical equilibrium. We aim to provide disequilibrium chemistry maps for a global understanding of the chemistry in HAT-P-7b's atmosphere and assess the…

Using a general circulation model with newly implemented cloud modeling, we investigate how radiative feedback can self-consistently shape condensate cloud distributions, temperatures, and fluxes in a hot Jupiter atmosphere. We apply a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-02-13 Michael Roman , Emily Rauscher

Jupiter's atmosphere has been observed to be depleted in helium (Yatm~0.24), suggesting active helium sedimentation in the interior. This is accounted for in standard Jupiter structure and evolution models through the assumption of an…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-23 N. Nettelmann , J. J. Fortney , K. Moore , C. Mankovich

This paper develops and tests a deep-atmosphere, nonhydrostatic dynamical core (DyCore) targeted towards ground-thermosphere atmospheric prediction using the spectral element method (SEM) with Implicit-Explicit (IMEX) and Horizontally…

Ultra-hot Jupiters represent an exciting avenue for testing extreme physics and observing atmospheric circulation regimes not found in our solar system. Their high temperatures result in thermally ionized particles embedded in atmospheric…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-01-05 Hayley Beltz , Emily Rauscher , Michael Roman , Abigail Guilliat

Ultra-hot Jupiters (UHJs) are natural laboratories to study extreme physics in planetary atmospheres and their rich observational data sets are yet to be confronted with models with varying complexities at a population level. In this work,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-01-09 Xianyu Tan , Thaddeus D. Komacek , Natasha E. Batalha , Drake Deming , Roxana Lupu , Vivien Parmentier , Raymond T. Pierrehumbert

The regimes of possible global atmospheric circulation patterns in an Earth-like atmosphere are explored using a simplified GCM based on the University of Hamburg's Portable University Model for the Atmosphere with simplified (linear)…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-06-19 Yixiong Wang , Peter Read , Fachreddin Tabataba-Vakili , Roland Young

In-order to understand the results of recent observations of exoplanets, models have become increasingly complex. Unfortunately this increases both the computational cost and output size of said models. We intend to explore if…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-09-20 F. Sainsbury-Martinez , P. Tremblin , M. Mancip , S. Donfack , E. Honore , M. Bourenane

Hot Jupiters, with atmospheric temperatures T ~ 1000 K, have residual thermal ionization levels sufficient for the interaction of the ions with the planetary magnetic field to result in a sizable magnetic drag on the (neutral) atmospheric…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-18 Rosalba Perna , Kristen Menou , Emily Rauscher