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Social networks have a small number of large hubs, and a large number of small dense communities. We propose a generative model that captures both hub and dense structures. Based on recent results about graphons on line graphs, our model is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-10 Sevvandi Kandanaarachchi , Cheng Soon Ong

Graphons offer a powerful framework for modeling large-scale networks, yet estimation remains challenging. We propose a novel approach that leverages a low-rank additive representation, yielding both a low-rank connection probability matrix…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-14 Xinyuan Fan , Feiyan Ma , Chenlei Leng , Weichi Wu

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are learning architectures that rely on knowledge of the graph structure to generate meaningful representations of large-scale network data. GNN stability is thus important as in real-world scenarios there are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Luana Ruiz , Zhiyang Wang , Alejandro Ribeiro

An important challenge in the field of exponential random graphs (ERGs) is the fitting of non-trivial ERGs on large graphs. By utilizing fast matrix block-approximation techniques, we propose an approximative framework to such non-trivial…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-02-02 Florian Adriaens , Alexandru Mara , Jefrey Lijffijt , Tijl De Bie

We study the optimal estimation of probability matrices of random graph models generated from graphons. This problem has been extensively studied in the case of step-graphons and H\"older smooth graphons. In this work, we characterize the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-10-03 Yuchen Chen , Jing Lei

The Stochastic Block Model (Holland et al., 1983) is a mixture model for heterogeneous network data. Unlike the usual statistical framework, new nodes give additional information about the previous ones in this model. Thereby the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2011-11-01 Antoine Channarond , Jean-Jacques Daudin , Stéphane Robin

Graphons are general and powerful models for generating graphs of varying size. In this paper, we propose to directly model graphons using neural networks, obtaining Implicit Graphon Neural Representation (IGNR). Existing work in modeling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-03 Xinyue Xia , Gal Mishne , Yusu Wang

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are designed to process data associated with graphs. They are finding an increasing range of applications; however, as with other modern machine learning techniques, their theoretical understanding is limited.…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2026-02-23 O. Duranthon , L. Zdeborová

Network complexity has been studied for over half a century and has found a wide range of applications. Many methods have been developed to characterize and estimate the complexity of networks. However, there has been little research with…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-01-13 Yann Issartel

Graphlets are induced subgraphs of a large network and are important for understanding and modeling complex networks. Despite their practical importance, graphlets have been severely limited to applications and domains with relatively small…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2017-03-01 Ryan A. Rossi , Rong Zhou , Nesreen K. Ahmed

Random graphs have been widely used in statistics, for example in network analysis and graphical models. In some applications, the data may contain an inherent hierarchical ordering among its vertices, which prevents directed edges between…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-08 Clement Lee , Marco Battiston

Due to the limited resources and the scale of the graphs in modern datasets, we often get to observe a sampled subgraph of a larger original graph of interest, whether it is the worldwide web that has been crawled or social connections that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-04 Ashish Khetan , Harshay Shah , Sewoong Oh

Uniform sampling from graphical realizations of a given degree sequence is a fundamental component in simulation-based measurements of network observables, with applications ranging from epidemics, through social networks to Internet…

Physics and Society · Physics 2010-04-14 Charo I. Del Genio , Hyunju Kim , Zoltan Toroczkai , Kevin E. Bassler

Many real-world data sets can be presented in the form of a matrix whose entries correspond to the interaction between two entities of different natures (number of times a web user visits a web page, a student's grade in a subject, a…

Graphon models provide a flexible nonparametric framework for estimating latent connectivity probabilities in networks, enabling a range of downstream applications such as link prediction and data augmentation. However, accurate graphon…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Yuyao Wang , Yu-Hung Cheng , Debarghya Mukherjee , Huimin Cheng

The stochastic block model (SBM) is widely studied as a benchmark for graph clustering aka community detection. In practice, graph data often come with node attributes that bear additional information about the communities. Previous works…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2023-09-12 O. Duranthon , L. Zdeborová

A framework based on generalized hierarchical random graphs (GHRGs) for the detection of change points in the structure of temporal networks has recently been developed by Peel and Clauset [1]. We build on this methodology and extend it to…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2016-11-18 Simon De Ridder , Benjamin Vandermarliere , Jan Ryckebusch

We define a general class of network formation models, Statistical Exponential Random Graph Models (SERGMs), that nest standard exponential random graph models (ERGMs) as a special case. We provide the first general results on when these…

Physics and Society · Physics 2014-06-26 Arun G. Chandrasekhar , Matthew O. Jackson

Given a set of snapshots from a temporal network we develop, analyze, and experimentally validate a so-called network interpolation scheme. Our method allows us to build a plausible, albeit random, sequence of graphs that transition between…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-02-22 Thomas Reeves , Anil Damle , Austin R. Benson

The recent advancements in graph neural networks (GNNs) have led to state-of-the-art performances in various applications, including chemo-informatics, question-answering systems, and recommender systems. However, scaling up these methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Ryoma Sato , Makoto Yamada , Hisashi Kashima