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We propose, for dimension d, a discrete Lorentz invariant operator on scalar fields that approximates the Minkowski spacetime scalar d'Alembertian. For each dimension, this gives rise to a scalar curvature estimator for causal sets, and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-09-13 Fay Dowker , Lisa Glaser

A one parameter family of retarded linear operators on scalar fields on causal sets is introduced. When the causal set is well-approximated by 4 dimensional Minkowski spacetime, the operators are Lorentz invariant but nonlocal, are…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-11-02 Dionigi M. T. Benincasa , Fay Dowker

The causal set theory d'Alembertian has rational coefficients for which alternating expressions are known. Here, a combinatorial interpretation of these numbers is given.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-03-21 Karen Yeats

Causal set non-local wave operators allow both for the definition of an action for Causal set theory and the study of deviations from local physics that may have interesting phenomenological consequences. It was previously shown that, in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-07-19 Alessio Belenchia

We introduce a family of generalized d'Alembertian operators in D-dimensional Minkowski spacetimes which are manifestly Lorentz-invariant, retarded, and non-local, the extent of the nonlocality being governed by a single parameter $\rho$.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-07-10 Siavash Aslanbeigi , Mehdi Saravani , Rafael D. Sorkin

Given a densely defined and closed operator $A$ acting on a complex Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}$, we establish a one-to-one correspondence between its closed extensions and subspaces $\mathfrak{M}\subset\mathcal{D}(A^*)$, that are closed…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2018-10-12 Christoph Fischbacher

We construct higher-order curvature invariants in causal set quantum gravity. The motivation for this work is twofold: first, to characterize causal sets, discrete operators that encode geometric information on the emergent spacetime…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-02-01 Gustavo. P. de Brito , Astrid Eichhorn , Christopher Pfeiffer

In this paper we will explore two different proposals for the action for causal sets: the Benincasa-Dowker action and a modified version of the chain action. We propose a variational principle for two-dimensional causal sets and use it for…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-06-09 Luca Bombelli , B. B. Pilgrim

We investigate the spectral dimension obtained from non-local continuum d'Alembertians derived from causal sets. We find a universal dimensional reduction to 2 dimensions, in all dimensions. We conclude by discussing the validity and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-02-17 Alessio Belenchia , Dionigi M. T. Benincasa , Antonino Marciano , Leonardo Modesto

It is shown that a covariant derivative on any d-dimensional manifold M can be mapped to a set of d operators acting on the space of functions on the principal Spin(d)-bundle over M. In other words, any d-dimensional manifold can be…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-11 Masanori Hanada , Hikaru Kawai , Yusuke Kimura

Many physical models are described by partial differential equations and the most important mathematical structure of the equations is governed by the corresponding linear partial differential operators. Those linear partial differential…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-06-04 Hiromichi Nakazato , Tohru Ozawa

We construct a fully covariant,$\mathbf{O}(D,D)$-symmetric d'Alembertian -- or box operator -- that acts on tensor fields of arbitrary rank and provides a universal kinetic term for all bosonic closed-string states. In its Riemannian…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-01-05 Kawon Lee , Jeong-Hyuck Park

We present a direct approach for the calculation of functional determinants of the Laplace operator on balls. Dirichlet and Robin boundary conditions are considered. Using this approach, formulas for any value of the dimension, $D$, of the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-08-15 M. Bordag , B. Geyer , K. Kirsten , E. Elizalde

A one-parameter family of random variables, called the Discrete Action, is defined for a 2-dimensional Lorentzian spacetime of finite volume. The single parameter is a discreteness scale. The expectation value of this Discrete Action is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-07-14 Dionigi M. T. Benincasa , Fay Dowker , Bernhard Schmitzer

We derive formulas for the terms in the conjectured asymptotic expansions of the moments, at the central point, of quadratic Dirichlet $L$-functions, $L(1/2,\chi_d)$, and also of the $L$-functions associated to quadratic twists of an…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2012-06-18 Ian P. Goulden , Duc Khiem Huynh , Rishikesh , Michael O. Rubinstein

We study the two-dimensional Dirac operator with an arbitrary combination of electrostatic and Lorentz scalar $\delta$-interactions of constant strengths supported on a smooth closed curve. For any combination of the coupling constants a…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2020-07-21 Jussi Behrndt , Markus Holzmann , Thomas Ourmières-Bonafos , Konstantin Pankrashkin

We investigate a linear operator associated with a functional equation that arises from studying some class of invariant measures under multidimensional transformations. By examining its iterates, we derive an explicit solution formula for…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-09 Oleksandr V. Maslyuchenko , Janusz Morawiec , Thomas Zürcher

We describe a highly efficient numerical scheme for finding two-sided bounds for the eigenvalues of the fractional Laplace operator (-Delta)^{alpha/2} in the unit ball D in R^d, with a Dirichlet condition in the complement of D. The…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2017-05-17 Bartłomiej Dyda , Alexey Kuznetsov , Mateusz Kwaśnicki

We derive a closed formula for the matrix elements of the volume operator for canonical Lorentzian quantum gravity in four spacetime dimensions in the continuum in a spin-network basis. We also display a new technique of regularization…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-28 T. Thiemann

The $D$-dimensional $(\beta, \beta')$-two-parameter deformed algebra introduced by Kempf is generalized to a Lorentz-covariant algebra describing a ($D+1$)-dimensional quantized space-time. In the D=3 and $\beta=0$ case, the latter…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-07-19 C. Quesne , V. M. Tkachuk
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