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A proper time observable for a quantum clock is introduced and it is found that the proper time read by one clock conditioned on another clock reading a different proper time obeys classical time dilation in accordance with special…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-01-04 Takeshi Chiba , Shunichiro Kinoshita

The decoherence phenomenon arising from an environmental monitoring of the state of a quantum system, as opposed to monitoring of a preferred observable, is worked out in detail using two equivalent formulations, namely, repeated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-17 Dorje C. Brody , Rishindra Melanathuru

The quite different behaviors exhibited by microscopic and macroscopic systems with respect to quantum interferences suggest the existence of a borderline beyond which quantum systems loose their coherences and can be described classically.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-06-17 Marc-Thierry Jaekel , Brahim Lamine , Astrid Lambrecht , Serge Reynaud , Paulo Maia Neto

We have recently argued that if one introduces a relational time in quantum mechanics and quantum gravity, the resulting quantum theory is such that pure states evolve into mixed states. The rate at which states decohere depends on the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Rodolfo Gambini , Rafael Porto , Jorge Pullin

It is argued that gravity should cause a breakdown of quantum mechanics, at low energies, accessible to table-top experiments. It is then shown that one can formulate a theory of quantum gravity in which gravitational correlations exist…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-17 P. C. E. Stamp

We consider environment induced decoherence of quantum superpositions to mixtures in the limit in which that process is much faster than any competing one generated by the Hamiltonian $H_{\rm sys}$ of the isolated system. This interaction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Walter T. Strunz , Fritz Haake , Daniel Braun

The theory of relativity associates a proper time with each moving object via its world line. In quantum theory however, such well-defined trajectories are forbidden. After introducing a general characterisation of quantum clocks, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-19 Shishir Khandelwal , Maximilian P. E. Lock , Mischa P. Woods

We study gravitational back-reaction within the Page-Wootters formulation of quantum mechanics by treating time as a quantum degree of freedom. Our model introduces a distinction between global coordinate time, represented as a relational…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-20 Ashmeet Singh , Oliver Friedrich

We analyse a decoherence effect, caused by the gravitational interaction between a massive body and the electromagnetic field. Assuming a quantum version of the light bending interaction, we show that it leads to decoherence of the mass if…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-28 T. Bazylewicz , M. Szczepanik , J. Kłos , J. K. Korbicz

We present a discussion of the fundamental loss of unitarity that appears in quantum mechanics due to the use of a physical apparatus to measure time. This induces a decoherence effect that is independent of any interaction with the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Rodolfo Gambini , Rafael Porto , Jorge Pullin

Time dilation is a difference in measured time between two clocks that either move with different velocities or experience different gravitational potentials. Both of these effects stem from the theory of relativity and are usually…

We give a first principles derivation of a master equation for the evolution of a quantum matter field in a linearly perturbed Minkowski spacetime, based solely on quantum field theory and general relativity. We make no additional…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-16 C. Anastopoulos , B. L. Hu

The effects of fluctuating boundaries on a superposition state of a quantum particle in a box is studied. We consider a model in one space dimension in which the initial state is a coherent superposition of two energy eigenstates. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-05-11 V. A. De Lorenci , L. H. Ford

A thought experiment is discussed to clarify the concept of decoherence. Superposition of states consisting of ground state of a single hydrogen atom and its excited state after a huge amount of time is discussed to show that the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-09-04 Shunichi Muto

We study the decoherence induced by near-extremal charged black holes on quantum systems in their exterior. Specifically, we analyze a thought experiment recently discussed in the literature, where the quantum system is a charged particle…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-25 Anna Biggs , Stefano Trezzi

Any quantum system interacting with a complex environment undergoes decoherence. Empty space is filled with vacuum energy due to matter fields in their ground state and represents an underlying environment that any quantum particle has to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-08-26 Paolo M. Bonifacio

Physical systems in real life are inextricably linked to their surroundings and never completely separated from them. Truly closed systems do not exist. The phenomenon of decoherence, which is brought about by the interaction with the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-07-11 Gabriela Barenboim , Alberto M. Gago

We investigate the emergence of quantum coherence and quantum correlations in a two-particle system with deformed symmetries arising from the quantum nature of spacetime. We demonstrate that the deformation of energy-momentum composition…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-18 Iarley P. Lobo , Gislaine Varão , Giulia Gubitosi , Moises Rojas , Valdir B. Bezerra

Decoherence is the process via which quantum superpositions states are reduced to classical mixtures. Decoherence has been predicted for relativistically accelerated quantum systems, however examples to date have involved restricting the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-16 Daiqin Su , Timothy C. Ralph

The use of a relational time in quantum mechanics is a framework in which one promotes to quantum operators all variables in a system, and later chooses one of the variables to operate like a ``clock''. Conditional probabilities are…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 Rodolfo Gambini , Rafael Porto , Jorge Pullin