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A generalized Wigner matrix perturbed by a finite-rank deterministic matrix is considered. The fluctuations of the largest eigenvalues, which emerge outside the bulk of the spectrum, and the corresponding eigenvectors, are studied. Under…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-01-16 Bishakh Bhattacharya , Arijit Chakrabarty , Rajat Subhra Hazra

We study the fluctuation of the eigenvalue number of any fixed interval $\Delta=[a,b]$ inside the spectrum for $\beta$- ensembles of random matrices in the case $\beta=1,2,4$. We assume that the potential $V$ is polynomial and consider the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-04-23 Mariya Shcherbina

Using loop equations, we compute the large deviation function of the maximum eigenvalue to the right of the spectrum in the Gaussian beta matrix ensembles, to all orders in 1/N. We then give a physical derivation of the all order asymptotic…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2012-08-22 Gaëtan Borot , Céline Nadal

We compute the limiting distributions of the largest eigenvalue of a complex Gaussian sample covariance matrix when both the number of samples and the number of variables in each sample become large. When all but finitely many, say $r$,…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Jinho Baik , Gerard Ben Arous , Sandrine Peche

This paper is devoted to the Gaussian fluctuations and deviations of the traces of tridiagonal random matrix. Under quite general assumptions, we prove that the traces are approximately normal distributed. Multi-dimensional central limit…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-06-16 Deng Zhang

We consider the fluctuations of the largest eigenvalue of sparse random matrices, the class of random matrices that includes the normalized adjacency matrices of the Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi graph $G(N, p)$. We show that the fluctuations of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-07-28 Teodor Bucht , Kevin Schnelli , Yuanyuan Xu

We consider the large deviations of the smallest eigenvalue of the Wishart-Laguerre Ensemble. Using the Coulomb gas picture we obtain rate functions for the large fluctuations to the left and the right of the hard edge. Our findings are…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2015-05-19 Eytan Katzav , Isaac Pérez Castillo

We consider the statistics of the extreme eigenvalues of sparse random matrices, a class of random matrices that includes the normalized adjacency matrices of the Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi graph $G(N,p)$. Tracy-Widom fluctuations of the extreme…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-12-12 Jiaoyang Huang , Benjamin Landon , Horng-Tzer Yau

We study two one-parameter families of point processes connected to random matrices: the Sine_beta and Sch_tau processes. The first one is the bulk point process limit for the Gaussian beta-ensemble. For beta=1, 2 and 4 it gives the limit…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-11-19 Diane Holcomb , Benedek Valkó

In this paper, we study the extreme statistics in the complex Ginibre ensemble of $N \times N$ random matrices with complex Gaussian entries, but with no other symmetries. All the $N$ eigenvalues are complex random variables and their joint…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-01-18 Bertrand Lacroix-A-Chez-Toine , Aurélien Grabsch , Satya N. Majumdar , Gregory Schehr

Consider the sample covariance matrix $$\Sigma^{1/2}XX^T\Sigma^{1/2}$$ where $X$ is an $M\times N$ random matrix with independent entries and $\Sigma$ is an $M\times M$ diagonal matrix. It is known that if $\Sigma$ is deterministic, then…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-02-27 Ji Oon Lee , Yiting Li

We consider a one-dimensional gas of $N$ charged particles confined by an external harmonic potential and interacting via the one-dimensional Coulomb potential. For this system we show that in equilibrium the charges settle, on an average,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-10-30 Abhishek Dhar , Anupam Kundu , Satya N. Majumdar , Sanjib Sabhapandit , Gregory Schehr

We consider uniformly random strictly upper-triangular matrices in $\operatorname{Mat}_n(\mathbb{F}_q)$. For such a matrix $A_n$, we show that $n-\operatorname{rank}(A_n) \approx \log_q n$ as $n \to \infty$, and find that the fluctuations…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-01-14 Roger Van Peski

Under certain conditions, the largest eigenvalue of a sample covariance matrix undergoes a well-known phase transition when the sample size $n$ and data dimension $p$ diverge proportionally. In the subcritical regime, this eigenvalue has…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-04-01 Nina Dörnemann , Miles E. Lopes

We consider a discrete-time random walk on a one-dimensional lattice with space and time-dependent random jump probabilities, known as the Beta random walk. We are interested in the probability that, for a given realization of the jump…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-07-28 Alexander K. Hartmann , Alexandre Krajenbrink , Pierre Le Doussal

We observe that approximate copies of the function $\Lambda _{n}:\mathbb{R}^{n}\rightarrow (0,\infty )$ defined by \begin{equation*} \Lambda _{n}(x)=\exp \left( -x_{1}-\pi \sum_{i=2}^{n}x_{i}^{2}\right) \end{equation*} appear in the tails…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-06-19 Daniel Fresen

We discuss the eigenvalue detachment transition in terms of scaling of fluctuations in ensembles of paths located near convex boundaries of various physical nature. We consider numerically the BBP-like (Baik-Ben Arous-P\'ech\'e) transition…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-10-05 Alexander Gorsky , Sergei Nechaev , Alexander Valov

The largest eigenvalue of random tensors is an important feature of systems involving disorder, equivalent to the ground state energy of glassy systems or to the injective norm of quantum states. For symmetric Gaussian random tensors of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-12-16 Nicolas Delporte , Naoki Sasakura

We establish a quantitative version of the Tracy--Widom law for the largest eigenvalue of high dimensional sample covariance matrices. To be precise, we show that the fluctuations of the largest eigenvalue of a sample covariance matrix…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-08-21 Kevin Schnelli , Yuanyuan Xu

We compute analytically, for large N, the probability distribution of the number of positive eigenvalues (the index N_{+}) of a random NxN matrix belonging to Gaussian orthogonal (\beta=1), unitary (\beta=2) or symplectic (\beta=4)…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-14 Satya N. Majumdar , Celine Nadal , Antonello Scardicchio , Pierpaolo Vivo