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Related papers: Understanding the Mass-Radius Relation for Sub-Nep…

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Recent astronomical observations, in particular from the Kepler and TESS missions and their related follow-ups, have revealed an abundance of exoplanets in the size range between Neptune (4 Earth radii) and Earth (1 Earth radii ), as well…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-10 Li Zeng , Stephanie C. Werner , Stein B. Jacobsen , Elena Mamonova , Reidar G. Trønnes , Ramon Brasser

Planets with 2 $R_{\oplus}$ < $R$ < 3 $R_{\oplus}$ and orbital period $<$100 d are abundant; these sub-Neptune exoplanets are not well understood. For example, $Kepler$ sub-Neptunes are likely to have deep magma oceans in contact with their…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-03-18 Edwin S. Kite , Bruce Fegley , Laura Schaefer , Eric Ford

Planetary radii are derived for 218 exoplanets orbiting 161 M dwarf stars. Stellar radii are based on an analysis of APOGEE high-resolution near-IR spectra for a subsample of the M-dwarfs; these results are used to define a stellar…

In our solar system, the presence of rings is exclusive to the gas giants, but is this the case for all planetary systems? In principle, it seems that rocky exoplanets could also have rings, which could be searched for by studying their…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-08-15 Anthony L. Piro

We use an end-to-end model of planet formation, thermodynamic evolution, and atmospheric escape to investigate how the statistical imprints of evaporation depend on the bulk composition of planetary cores (rocky vs. icy). We find that the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-02-14 Sheng Jin , Christoph Mordasini

The observed masses and radii of sub-Neptunes are typically explained by the gas dwarf and the water world scenarios. While their evolutionary history on a population level has been proposed as a method to distinguish between these…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-06 Marie-Luise Steinmeyer , Caroline Dorn , Aaron Werlen , Simon L. Grimm

This paper presents a consistent description of the formation and the subsequent evolution of gaseous planets, with special attention to short-period, low-mass hot-Neptune planets characteristic of $\mu$ Ara-like systems. We show that core…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 I. Baraffe , Y. Alibert , G. Chabrier , W. Benz

Small planets, 1-4x the size of Earth, are extremely common around Sun-like stars, and surprisingly so, as they are missing in our solar system. Recent detections have yielded enough information about this class of exoplanets to begin…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-19 Geoffrey W. Marcy , Lauren M. Weiss , Erik A. Petigura , Howard Isaacson , Andrew W. Howard , Lars A. Buchhave

Exoplanets around different types of stars provide a window into the diverse environments in which planets form. This chapter describes the observed relations between exoplanet populations and stellar properties and how they connect to…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-03-06 Gijs D. Mulders

Several models have been introduced in order to explain the radius distribution in exoplanet radii observed by Fulton et al. (2017) with one peak at $\rm \sim 1.3 R_{\oplus} $ the other at $\rm \sim 2.4 R_{\oplus} $ and the minimum at $\rm…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-03-17 Darius Modirrousta-Galian , Daniele Locci , Giuseppina Micela

We address the claim of Weiss et al. (2018) that the radii of adjacent planets in Kepler multi-planet systems are correlated. We explore two simple toy models---in the first the radii of the planets are chosen at random from a single…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-09 Lena Murchikova , Scott Tremaine

The California-Kepler Survey (CKS) catalog contains precise stellar and planetary properties for the \Kepler\ planet candidates, including systems with multiple detected transiting planets ("multis") and systems with just one detected…

We investigate how the formation and structure of circumplanetary disks (CPDs) varies with planet mass and protoplanetary disk aspect ratio. Using static mesh refinement and a near-isothermal equation of state, we perform a small parameter…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-15 Sabina Sagynbayeva , Rixin Li , Aleksandra Kuznetsova , Zhaohuan Zhu , Yan-Fei Jiang , Philip J. Armitage

Recent observations of rocky super-Earths have revealed an apparent wider distribution of Fe/Mg ratios, or core to mantle ratios, than the planets in our Solar System. This study aims to understand how much of the chemical diversity in the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-03-04 Jennifer Scora , Diana Valencia , Alessandro Morbidelli , Seth A. Jacobson

Sub-Neptunes - volatile-rich exoplanets smaller than Neptune - are intrinsically the most common type of planet known. However, the formation and nature of these objects, as well as the distinctions between sub-classes (if any), remain…

Condensed planets contract or expand as their temperature changes. With the exception of the effect of phase changes, this phenomenon is generally interpreted as being solely related to the thermal expansivity of the planet's components.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-04-23 Yanick Ricard , Frédéric Chambat

Recent works have found evidence of significant intrasystem uniformity in planet properties such as radius, mass, and orbital spacing, collectively termed 'peas in a pod' trends. In particular, correlations in radius and mass have been…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-06 E. Mamonova , Y. Shan , P. Hatalova , S. C. Werner

We present a Monte Carlo model for the structure of low mass (total mass < 25 earth mass) planetary systems that form by the in situ gravitational assembly of planetary embryos into final planets. Our model includes distributions of mass,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-12 Brad Hansen , Norm Murray

The multiple-planet systems discovered by the Kepler mission exhibit the following feature: planet pairs near first-order mean-motion resonances prefer orbits just outside the nominal resonance, while avoiding those just inside the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2013-05-24 Cristobal Petrovich , Renu Malhotra , Scott Tremaine

The planet formation environment around M dwarf stars is different than around G dwarf stars. The longer hot protostellar phase, activity levels and lower protoplanetary disk mass of M dwarfs all may leave imprints on the composition…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-11-12 Andrew R Neil , Leslie A Rogers