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We obtain the Kato square root estimate for second order elliptic operators in divergence form with mixed boundary conditions on an open and possibly unbounded set in $\mathbb{R}^d$ under two simple geometric conditions: The Dirichlet…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2020-12-04 Sebastian Bechtel , Moritz Egert , Robert Haller-Dintelmann

We consider the negative Laplacian subject to mixed boundary conditions on a bounded domain. We prove under very general geometric assumptions that slightly above the critical exponent $\frac{1}{2}$ its fractional power domains still…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2021-08-10 Moritz Egert , Robert Haller-Dintelmann , Patrick Tolksdorf

We solve the Kato square root problem for general elliptic operators and systems with measurable and complex coefficients on any domain of the Euclidean space. The operators are subject to Dirichlet boundary conditions. We also allow…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2020-03-23 Julan Bailey , El Maati Ouhabaz

We obtain the Kato square root property for coupled second-order elliptic systems in divergence form subject to mixed boundary conditions on an open and possibly unbounded set in $\mathbb{R}^n$ under two simple geometric conditions: The…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2025-09-03 Sebastian Bechtel , Cody Hutcheson , Tim Schmatzler , Tolgahan Tasci , Mattes Wittig

We solve the Kato square root problem for second order elliptic systems in divergence form under mixed boundary conditions on Lipschitz domains. This answers a question posed by J.-L. Lions in 1962. To do this we develop a general theory of…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Andreas Axelsson , Stephen Keith , Alan McIntosh

The Kato square root problem for divergence form elliptic operators with potential $V : \mathbb{R}^{n} \rightarrow \mathbb{C}$ is the equivalence statement $\left\Vert (L + V)^{\frac{1}{2}} u\right\Vert_{2} \simeq \left\Vert \nabla u…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2020-06-24 Julian Bailey

We consider the Kato square root problem for non-divergence second order elliptic operators $L =- a_{ij} D_iD_j$, and, especially, the normalized adjoints of such operators. In particular, our results are applicable to the case of real…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2023-10-06 Luis Escauriaza , Pablo Hidalgo-Palencia , Steve Hofmann

This article focuses on Lp-estimates for the square root of elliptic systems of second order in divergence form on a bounded domain. We treat complex bounded measurable coefficients and allow for mixed Dirichlet/Neumann boundary conditions…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2021-03-29 Moritz Egert

We prove the Kato conjecture for elliptic operators, $L=-\nabla\cdot\left((\mathbf A+\mathbf D)\nabla\ \right)$, with $\mathbf A$ a complex measurable bounded coercive matrix and $\mathbf D$ a measurable real-valued skew-symmetric matrix in…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2017-12-29 Luis Escauriaza , Steve Hofmann

We solve the Kato square root problem for parabolic operators of arbitrary order $2m$ whose coefficients are allowed to depend on both space and time in a merely measurable way and possess boundedness and ellipticity controlled by a…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-11-10 Guoming Zhang

We give a simplified and direct proof of the Kato square root estimate for parabolic operators with elliptic part in divergence form and coefficients possibly depending on space and time in a merely measurable way. The argument relies on…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2022-09-23 Alireza Ataei , Moritz Egert , Kaj Nyström

We prove the Kato conjecture for degenerate elliptic operators in R^n. More precisely, we consider the divergence form operator L_w = -1/w div (wA) grad, where w is a Muckenhoupt A_2 weight and A is a complex valued n x n matrix which is…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2009-07-20 D. Cruz-Uribe , C. Rios

We solve the Kato square root problem for bounded measurable perturbations of subelliptic operators on connected Lie groups. The subelliptic operators are divergence form operators with complex bounded coefficients, which may have lower…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2016-03-09 Lashi Bandara , A. F. M. ter Elst , Alan McIntosh

A second-order regularity theory is developed for solutions to a class of quasilinear elliptic equations in divergence form, including the $p$-Laplace equation, with merely square-integrable right-hand side. Our results amount to the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2018-05-23 Andrea Cianchi , Vladimir Maz'ya

We consider the Kato problem and extensions for degenerate elliptic operators of arbitrary order $2m$ ($m\geq 1$), whose coefficients are measurable, complex-valued and satisfy the G$\mathring{a}$rding inequality with respect to a…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-11-07 Guoming Zhang

Kato's second representation theorem is generalized to solvable sesquilinear forms. These forms need not be non-negative nor symmetric. The representation considered holds for a subclass of solvable forms (called hyper-solvable), precisely…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2023-10-31 Rosario Corso

We prove the Kato square root estimate for second-order divergence form elliptic operators $-div(A\nabla)$ on a bounded, locally uniform domain $D \subseteq \mathbb{R}^n$, for accretive coefficients $A \in L^\infty(D; \mathbb{C}^n)$, under…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-01-09 Sebastian Bechtel , Andreas Rosén

We analyze the local elliptic regularity of weak solutions to the Dirichlet problem associated with the fractional Laplacian $(-\Delta)^s$ on an arbitrary bounded open set $\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^N$. For $1<p<2$, we obtain regularity in…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2017-05-24 Umberto Biccari , Mahamadi Warma , Enrique Zuazua

For a Jordan domain with sufficiently smooth boundaries, the solution to the Dirichlet problem for second order skew-symmetric strongly elliptic system with constant coefficients and regular enough boundary data is constructed in the form…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2021-05-28 Astamur Bagapsh

We study a nonlinear elliptic problem defined in a bounded domain involving fractional powers of the Laplacian operator together with a concave-convex term. We characterize completely the range of parameters for which solutions of the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2010-10-22 Cristina Brändle , Eduardo Colorado , Arturo de Pablo
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