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Fundamental questions on the nature of matter and energy have found answers thanks to the use of particle accelerators. Societal applications, such as cancer treatment or cancer imaging, illustrate the impact of accelerators in our current…
Recent years have witnessed a phenomenal growth in the computational capabilities and applications of GPUs. However, this trend has also led to dramatic increase in their power consumption. This paper surveys research works on analyzing and…
Extreme-edge scientific applications use machine learning models to analyze sensor data and make real-time decisions. Their stringent latency and throughput requirements demand small batch sizes and require that model weights remain fully…
Despite numerous advances in the field and a seemingly ever-increasing amount of investment, we are still some years away from seeing a production quantum computer in action. However, it is possible to make some educated guesses about the…
Current and future astroparticle physics experiments are operated or are being built to observe highly energetic particles, high energy electromagnetic radiation and gravitational waves originating from all kinds of cosmic sources. The data…
Innovative solutions and developments are being inspected to tackle rising electrical power demand to be supplied by clean forms of energy. The integration of renewable energy generations, varying nature loads, importance of active role of…
For various reasons including those related to climate changes, {\em energy} has become a critical concern in all relevant activities and technical designs. For the specific case of computer activities, the problem is exacerbated with the…
In the next decade, the demands for computing in large scientific experiments are expected to grow tremendously. During the same time period, CPU performance increases will be limited. At the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), these two…
Classical computing is beginning to encounter fundamental limits of energy efficiency. This presents a challenge that can no longer be solved by strategies such as increasing circuit density or refining standard semiconductor processes. The…
The proliferation of low-precision units in modern high-performance architectures increasingly burdens domain scientists. Historically, the choice in HPC was easy: can we get away with 32 bit floating-point operations and lower bandwidth…
In view of the tremendous computing power jump of modern RISC processors the interest in parallel computing seems to be thinning out. Why use a complicated system of parallel processors, if the problem can be solved by a single powerful…
Commercial graphics processors (GPUs) have high compute capacity at very low cost, which makes them attractive for general purpose scientific computing. In this paper we show how graphics processors can be used for N-body simulations to…
HPC world is dominated by x86 ISA CPUs. This monoculture is not necessarily justified by best performance evaluation, but may inherit from e.g. SW related restrictions on the choice of HW platforms. To avoid running (further) into path…
Quantum computers can in principle solve certain problems exponentially more quickly than their classical counterparts. We have not yet reached the advent of useful quantum computation, but when we do, it will affect nearly all scientific…
Over the last decade we have witnessed an increasing use of data processing in embedded systems. Where in the past the data processing was limited (if present at all) to the handling of a small number of "on-off control signals", more…
Traditional simulations on High-Performance Computing (HPC) systems typically involve modeling very large domains and/or very complex equations. HPC systems allow running large models, but limits in performance increase that have become…
We are entering the post-Moore era where we no longer enjoy the free ride of the performance growth from simply shrinking the transistor features. However, this does not necessarily mean that we are entering a dark era of computing. On the…
High-Performance Computing (HPC) has recently entered the Exascale era, and considerable efforts are being made to fully harness this potential power for large-scale applications, such as cutting-edge generative AI (training and…
Recent P5 report indicated the accelerator-based neutrino and rare decay physics research as a centrepiece of the US domestic HEP program. Operation, upgrade and development of the accelerators for the near-term and longer-term particle…
Astronomy depends on ever increasing computing power. Processor clock-rates have plateaued, and increased performance is now appearing in the form of additional processor cores on a single chip. This poses significant challenges to the…