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Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) stands as a revolutionary approach to secure communication, using the principles of quantum mechanics to establish unbreakable channels. Unlike traditional cryptography, which relies on the computational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-09 Alec L. Riso , Karthik Thyagarajan , Connor Whiting , Katherine Jimenez

Fast gated avalanche photodiodes (APDs) are the most commonly used single photon detectors for high bit rate quantum key distribution (QKD). Their robustness against external attacks is crucial to the overall security of a QKD system or…

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) is a technique for quantum-secured communication that eliminates all detector side-channels, although is currently limited by implementation complexity and low secure key…

Ideal quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols call for a source that emits single photon signals, but the sources used in typical practical realizations emit weak coherent states instead. A weak coherent state may contain more than one…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Hoi-Kwong Lo , John Preskill

Quantum key distribution (QKD) exploits the quantum nature of light to share provably secure keys, allowing secure communication in the presence of an eavesdropper. The first QKD schemes used photons encoded in two states, such as…

Decoy-state methods [1-3] are essential to perform quantum key distribution (QKD) at large distances in the absence of single photon sources. However, the standard techniques apply only if laser pulses are used that are independent and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-19 Shlok Nahar , Twesh Upadhyaya , Norbert Lütkenhaus

Quantum cryptographic key distribution (QKD) uses extremely faint light pulses to carry quantum information between two parties (Alice and Bob), allowing them to generate a shared, secret cryptographic key. Autocompensating QKD systems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Donald S. Bethune , William P. Risk

The eavesdropper technique nowadays is already improved from the theoretical perspective to the experimental perspective. The technique now more focusing on the loopholes of the components used such as modulator, laser, and detector. These…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-19 Norshamsuri Ali

Laser light possesses perfect coherence, but cannot be attenuated to single photons via linear optics. An elegant route to convert laser light into single photons is based on photon blockade in a cavity with a single atom in the strong…

Silicon avalanche photodiodes are the most sensitive photodetectors in the visible to near infrared region. However, when they are used for single photon detection in a Geiger mode, they are known to emit light on the controlled breakdown…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-07-24 Christian Kurtsiefer , Patrick Zarda , Sonja Mayer , Harald Weinfurter

We present a full implementation of a quantum key distribution (QKD) system with a single photon source, operating at night in open air. The single photon source at the heart of the functional and reliable setup relies on the pulsed…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) seeks to provide a method of generating cryptographically-secure keys between remote parties while guaranteeing unconditional security. Implementations of high-dimensional QKD using dispersive-optics (DO-QKD)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-15 Ariel Shlosberg , Alex Kwiatkowski , Akira Kyle , Graeme Smith

Since the introduction of the decoy-state technique, phase-randomised weak coherent light pulses have been the key to increase the practicality of quantum-based communications. Their ultra-fast generation was accomplished via compact…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-01-09 Z. L. Yuan , M. Lucamarini , J. F. Dynes , B. Frohlich , M. B. Ward , A. J. Shields

We explore a new security loophole in a practical continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) system, which is opened by the photorefractive effect of lithium niobate-based (LN-based) modulators. By exploiting this loophole, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-08 Yiliang Wang , Yi Zheng , Chenlei Fang , Haobin Shi , Wei Pan

The security of source has become an increasingly important issue in quantum cryptography. Based on the framework of measurement-device-independent quantum-key-distribution (MDI-QKD), the source becomes the only region exploitable by a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-08-24 Shi-Hai Sun , Feihu Xu , Mu-Sheng Jiang , Xiang-Chun Ma , Hoi-Kwong Lo , Lin-Mei Liang

We propose a post-selection technique, based on quantum error detection, for quantum key distribution (QKD) systems that run over quantum repeaters with encoding. In such repeaters, quantum error correction techniques are used for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-04 Yumang Jing , Daniel Alsina Leal , Mohsen Razavi

A minimally-invasive way to detect the presence of a stealth target is to probe it with a single photon and analyze the reflected signals. The efficiency of such a conventional detection scheme can potentially be enhanced by the method of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-24 Man-Hong Yung , Fei Meng , Ming-Jing Zhao

Security analyses in quantum key distribution (QKD) and other adversarial quantum tasks often assume perfect device models. However, real-world implementations often deviate from these models. Thus, it is important to develop security…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-25 Shlok Nahar , Devashish Tupkary , Norbert Lütkenhaus

Detector control attacks on quantum key distribution systems exploit the linear mode of avalanche photodiode in single photon detectors. So far, the protocols under consideration have been the BB84 protocol and its derivatives. Here we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-04-12 Lars Lydersen , Johannes Skaar , Vadim Makarov

Security formulas of quantum key distribution (QKD) with imperfect resources are obtained for finite-length code when the decoy method is applied. This analysis is useful for guaranteeing the security of implemented QKD systems. Our…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Masahito Hayashi
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