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Quantum computers face significant challenges from quantum deviations or coherent noise, particularly during gate operations, which pose a complex threat to the efficacy of quantum error correction (QEC) protocols. In this study, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-11 Yuanchen Zhao , Dong E. Liu

Noise in quantum computing is countered with quantum error correction. Achieving optimal performance will require tailoring codes and decoding algorithms to account for features of realistic noise, such as the common situation where the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-02 David K. Tuckett , Stephen D. Bartlett , Steven T. Flammia , Benjamin J. Brown

Instead of a quantum computer where the fundamental units are 2-dimensional qubits, we can consider a quantum computer made up of d-dimensional systems. There is a straightforward generalization of the class of stabilizer codes to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-05-27 Daniel Gottesman

In this paper we extend both standard fault tolerance theory and Kitaev's model for quantum computation, combining them so as to yield quantitative results that reveal the interplay between the two. Our analysis establishes a methodology…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-07-03 Gerald Gilbert , Michael Hamrick , Yaakov S. Weinstein

A critical component of any quantum error-correcting scheme is detection of errors by using an ancilla system. However, errors occurring in the ancilla can propagate onto the logical qubit, irreversibly corrupting the encoded information.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-14 S. Rosenblum , P. Reinhold , M. Mirrahimi , Liang Jiang , L. Frunzio , R. J. Schoelkopf

Measurement-free quantum error correction (MFQEC) offers an alternative to standard measurement-based QEC in platforms with an unconditional qubit reset gate. We revisit the question of fault tolerance (FT) for a measurement-free variant of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-01 Michael A. Perlin , Vickram N. Premakumar , Jiakai Wang , Mark Saffman , Robert Joynt

Topological quantum computing promises intrinsic fault tolerance by encoding quantum information in non-Abelian anyons, where quantum gates are implemented via braiding. While braiding operations are robust against local perturbations, a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-15 Themba Hodge , Philipp Frey , Stephan Rachel

The quantum computing scheme described in Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 190504 (2007), when viewed as a cluster state computation, features a 3-D cluster state, novel adjustable strength error correction capable of correcting general errors through…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-07-16 Austin G. Fowler , Kovid Goyal

Reliable qubits are difficult to engineer, but standard fault-tolerance schemes use seven or more physical qubits to encode each logical qubit, with still more qubits required for error correction. The large overhead makes it hard to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-02 Rui Chao , Ben W. Reichardt

In this work, we introduce a method to construct fault-tolerant measurement-based quantum computation (MBQC) architectures and numerically estimate their performance over various types of networks. A possible application of such a paradigm…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-07 Yves van Montfort , Sébastian de Bone , David Elkouss

We construct a fault-tolerant quantum error-correcting protocol based on a qubit encoded in a large spin qudit using a spin-cat code, analogous to the continuous variable cat encoding. With this, we can correct the dominant error sources,…

A key challenge in fault-tolerant quantum computing is synthesising and optimising circuits in a noisy environment, as traditional techniques often fail to account for the effect of noise on circuits. In this work, we propose and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-02 Benjamin Rodatz , Boldizsár Poór , Aleks Kissinger

Quantum computing experiments are transitioning from running on physical qubits to using encoded, logical qubits. Fault-tolerant computation can identify and correct errors, and has the potential to enable the dramatically reduced logical…

The cluster state model for quantum computation [Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 5188] outlines a scheme that allows one to use measurement on a large set of entangled quantum systems in what is known as a cluster state to undertake quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 William Hall

Quantum error correction (QEC) is considered a deciding component in enabling practical quantum computing. Stabilizer codes, and in particular topological surface codes, are promising candidates for implementing QEC by redundantly encoding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-12 Josias Old , Stephan Tasler , Michael J. Hartmann , Markus Müller

Designing efficient fault tolerance schemes is crucial for building useful quantum computers. Most standard schemes assume no knowledge of the underlying device noise and rely on general-purpose quantum error-correcting (QEC) codes capable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-31 Long D. H. My , Akshaya Jayashankar , Prabha Mandayam , Hui Khoon Ng

Color code is a promising topological code for fault-tolerant quantum computing. Insufficient research on the color code has delayed its practical application. In this work, we address several key issues to facilitate practical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-04 Jiaxuan Zhang , Yu-Chun Wu , Guo-Ping Guo

Fault-tolerant capacities quantify the ability of a quantum channel to reliably transmit information when every component of the encoding and decoding procedure is noisy. Earlier work analyzed achievable communication rates under such noise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-11 Paula Belzig , Hayata Yamasaki

Universal quantum computation encoded over continuous variables can be achieved via Gaussian measurements acting on entangled non-Gaussian states. However, due to the weakness of available nonlinearities, generally these states can only be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-02 Oussama Houhou , Darren W. Moore , Sougato Bose , Alessandro Ferraro

We describe a method to execute globally controlled quantum information processing which admits a fault tolerant quantum error correction scheme. Our scheme nominally uses three species of addressable two-level systems which are arranged in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-07-10 J. Fitzsimons , J. Twamley