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In this work, we relate girth and path-degeneracy in classes with sub-exponential expansion, with explicit bounds for classes with polynomial expansion and proper minor-closed classes that are tight up to a constant factor (and tight up to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-03-25 Y. Lin , P. Ossona de Mendez

We study the combinatorial geometry of "lattice" Jenkins--Strebel differentials with simple zeroes and simple poles on $\mathbb{C}P^1$ and of the corresponding counting functions. Developing the results of M. Kontsevich we evaluate the…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2014-07-08 Jayadev S. Athreya , Alex Eskin , Anton Zorich

We study tree-to-tree transformations that can be defined in first-order logic or monadic second-order logic. We prove a decomposition theorem, which shows that every transformation can be obtained from prime transformations, such as…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Mikołaj Bojańczyk , Amina Doumane

A graph is odd if all of its vertices have odd degrees. In particular, an odd spanning tree in a connected graph is a spanning tree in which all vertices have odd degrees. In this paper we establish a unified technique to enumerate odd…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-10 Shaohan Xu , Kexiang Xu

Understanding the flow dynamics of yield stress fluids in porous media presents a substantial challenge. Both experiments and extensive numerical simulations frequently show a non-linear relationship between the flow rate and the pressure…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-01-15 Stéphane Munier , Alberto Rosso

We provide new evidence that spanning forests of graphs satisfy the same negative correlation properties as spanning trees, derived from Lord Rayleigh's monotonicity property for electrical networks. The main result of this paper is that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-10-25 Alejandro Erickson

We introduce an object called a tree growing sequence (TGS) in an effort to generalize bijective correspondences between $G$-parking functions, spanning trees, and the set of monomials in the Tutte polynomial of a graph $G$. A tree growing…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-09-15 Carrie Frizzell

Poly-trees are singly connected causal networks in which variables may arise from multiple causes. This paper develops a method of recovering ply-trees from empirically measured probability distributions of pairs of variables. The method…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-11 George Rebane , Judea Pearl

We design exact polynomial expansions of a class of Feynman--Kac particle distributions. These expansions are finite and are parametrized by coalescent trees and other related combinatorial quantities. The accuracy of the expansions at any…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-06-24 Pierre Del Moral , Frédéric Patras , Sylvain Rubenthaler

We present the first representation of the general term of the Rayleigh-Schr\"odinger series for quasidegenerate systems. Each term of the series is represented by a tree and there is a straightforward relation between the tree and the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-05-14 Christian Brouder , Gérard H. E. Duchamp , Frédéric Patras , Gabor Zsolt Toth

We explore a generating function trick which allows us to keep track of infinitely many statistics using finitely many variables, by recording their individual distributions rather than their joint distributions. Building on previous work…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-05-01 Sergi Elizalde

A tree functional is called additive if it satisfies a recursion of the form $F(T) = \sum_{j=1}^k F(B_j) + f(T)$, where $B_1,\ldots,B_k$ are the branches of the tree $T$ and $f(T)$ is a toll function. We prove a general central limit…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-05-13 Dimbinaina Ralaivaosaona , Stephan Wagner

We give a short proof of Cayley's tree formula for counting the number of different labeled trees on $n$ vertices. The following nonlinear recursive relation for the number of labeled trees on $n$ vertices is deduced from a combinatorial…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-12-22 Alok Bhushan Shukla

In this paper, we propose an algebraic approach to determine whether two non-isomorphic caterpillar trees can have the same symmetric function generalization of the chromatic polynomial. On the set of all composition on integers, we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-08-09 José Aliste-Prieto , José Zamora

We construct and study a class of algebras associated to generalized layered graphs, i.e. directed graphs with a ranking function on their vertices. Each finite directed acyclic graph admits countably many structures of a generalized…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-06-11 Vladimir Retakh , Robert Lee Wilson

Let $\mathcal G$ be a separable family of graphs. Then for all positive constants $\epsilon$ and $\Delta$ and for every sufficiently large integer $n$, every sequence $G_1,\dotsc,G_t\in\mathcal G$ of graphs of order $n$ and maximum degree…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-06-01 Asaf Ferber , Choongbum Lee , Frank Mousset

We simplify the proof of some widely used theoretical theorems, extending their applicability, while correcting some erroneous results. We also generalize key results and present new results that contribute to the development of the theory.…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2025-10-02 V. E. Sándor Szabó

We prove that every oriented tree on $n$ vertices with bounded maximum degree appears as a spanning subdigraph of every directed graph on $n$ vertices with minimum semidegree at least $n/2+o(n)$. This can be seen as a directed graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-20 Richard Mycroft , Tássio Naia

Trees or rooted trees have been generously studied in the literature. A forest is a set of trees or rooted trees. Here we give recurrence relations between the number of some kind of rooted forest with $k$ roots and that with $k+1$ roots on…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-02-08 Song Guo , Victor J. W. Guo

We introduce a graph polynomial that distinguishes tree structures to represent dependency grammar and a measure based on the polynomial representation to quantify syntax similarity. The polynomial encodes accurate and comprehensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Pengyu Liu , Tinghao Feng , Rui Liu