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The Penrose process in the vicinity of an extremal Ban\~ados-Teitelboim-Zanelli(BTZ) black hole is studied. Due to the existence of negative cosmological constant, only massless particles could escape to infinity. Hence we analyse the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-03-03 Xianglong Wu , Xiangdong Zhang

We investigate the extraction of rotational energy from rotating Einstein-Born-Infeld (EBI) black holes, where nonlinear electrodynamics introduces a radius-dependent effective charge modifying the spacetime geometry. Focusing on neutral…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-02 Urooj Fatima , G. Abbas

We have investigated the properties of the ergosphere and the energy extraction by Penrose process in a Konoplya-Zhidenko rotating non-Kerr black hole spacetime. We find that the ergosphere becomes thin and the maximum efficiency of energy…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-11-15 Fen Long , Songbai Chen , Shangyun Wang , Jiliang Jing

High-energy astrophysical sources such as active galactic nuclei, quasars, X-ray binaries, and gamma-ray bursts are powered by mechanisms that convert gravitational or rotational energy into radiation, jets, and relativistic outflows.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-12-03 Parth Bambhaniya , Elisabete M. de Gouveia Dal Pino

This paper examines regular black holes, in particular the Bardeen spacetime where singularities are replaced by non-singular cores. It explores the energy extraction through the charged Penrose process and shows that magnetic charge…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-08-21 Vitalii Vertogradov , Angel Rincon

The energy extraction from an electrostatic black hole by the decay or splitting of electrically charged particles is analyzed. We determine the energetic conditions that make the extraction process viable and present a general expression…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-09-27 A. Baez , Nora Breton , I. Cabrera-Munguia

Scattering of particles in the gravitational field of rotating black holes is considered. It is shown that scattering energy of particles in the centre of mass system can obtain very large values not only for extremal black holes but also…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-05 A. A. Grib , Yu. V. Pavlov

Relying on the Penrose process mechanism, we study the possibility of energy extraction from a binary system composed of two extreme electrostatic black holes (BHs) oppositely charged, separated by a strut described by Bonnor's metric (BM).…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-01-02 A. Baez , N. Breton , I. Cabrera-Munguia

I present a theoretical and numerical (Monte Carlo) N-particle analysis of Penrose scattering processes in the ergosphere of a supermassive Kerr black hole. These GR model calculations reveal that the observed high energies and luminosities…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Reva Kay Williams

Soon after the discovery of the Kerr metric, Penrose realized that superradiance can be exploited to extract energy from black holes. The original idea (involving the breakup of a single particle) yields only modest energy gains. A variant…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-07-01 Emanuele Berti , Richard Brito , Vitor Cardoso

We demonstrate an extraordinary effect of energy gain by a single radiating charged particle inside the ergosphere of a Kerr black hole in presence of magnetic field. We solve numerically the covariant form of the Lorentz-Dirac equation…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-01-20 Martin Kološ , Arman Tursunov , Zdeněk Stuchlík

In this lecture I give an introduction to the rotational energy extraction of black holes by the electromagnetic Blandford-Znajek process and the generation of relativistic jets. After some basic material on the electrodynamics of black…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 Norbert Straumann

In this article, we study the circular motion of particles and the well-known Penrose mechanism around a Kerr-Newman-Kasuya black hole spacetime. The inner and outer horizons, as well as ergosurfaces of the said black hole, are briefly…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-10-07 Saeed Ullah Khan , Jingli Ren

In this paper, we study the Penrose process and the maximum energy extracted from the collision of two particles near the Kerr-Newman black hole with WGC condition. We consider the collision process when two particles collide in the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-03-10 E. Naghd Mezerji , J. Sadeghi , B. Pourhassan

We investigate how test particles absorbed by a black hole affect the properties of the event horizon. We consider particles that arrive from infinity with positive energy and cross the horizon. We also study the absorption of particles…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-10-31 Hernando Quevedo

The first objective of this work is to obtain practical prescriptions to calculate the absorption of mass and angular momentum by a black hole when external processes produce gravitational radiation. These prescriptions are formulated in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 Eric Poisson

The Penrose process of an extremal braneworld black hole is studied. We analyze the Penrose process by two massive spinning particles collide near the horizon. By calculating the maximum energy extraction efficiency of this process, it…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-10-06 Yongbin Du , Yunlong Liu , Xiangdong Zhang

Recently, references [1,2] found that the repetitive Penrose process cannot extract all the extractable rotational energy of a Kerr black hole, and reference [3] found that the repetitive electric Penrose process cannot extract all the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-09 Ke Wang , Xiao-Xiong Zeng

In many astrophysical scenarios the charge of the black hole is often neglected due to unrealistically large values of the charge required for the Reissner-Nordstr\"om spacetime metric. However, black holes may possess small electric charge…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-11-10 Arman Tursunov , Bakhtinur Juraev , Zdeněk Stuchlík , Martin Kološ

Shortly after the discovery of the Kerr metric in 1963, it was realized that a region existed outside of the black hole's event horizon where no time-like observer could remain stationary. In 1969, Roger Penrose showed that particles within…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-10-16 Jeremy D. Schnittman