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In this contribution we explore choice revision, a sort of belief change in which the new information is represented by a set of sentences and the agent could accept some of the sentences while rejecting the others. We propose a generalized…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-05-04 Li Zhang

The classical conception of falsification presents scientific theories as entities that are decisively refuted when their predictions fail. This picture has long been challenged by both philosophical analysis and scientific practice, yet…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2025-12-09 Tommaso Costa

In this paper we discuss contrastive explanations for formal argumentation - the question why a certain argument (the fact) can be accepted, whilst another argument (the foil) cannot be accepted under various extension-based semantics. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-01-26 AnneMarie Borg , Floris Bex

AGM's belief revision is one of the main paradigms in the study of belief change operations. In this context, belief bases (prioritised bases) have been primarily used to specify the agent's belief state. While the connection of iterated…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Marlo Souza , Álvaro Moreira

In the classic AGM belief revision theory, beliefs are static and do not change their own shape. For instance, if p is accepted by a rational agent, it will remain p to the agent. But such rarely happens to us. Often, when we accept some…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-01-28 Ryuta Arisaka

In model checking, when a given model fails to satisfy the desired specification, a typical model checker provides a counterexample that illustrates how the violation occurs. In general, there exist many diverse counterexamples that exhibit…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Cole Vick , Eunsuk Kang , Stavros Tripakis

Abstraction is one of the most important strategies for dealing with the state space explosion problem in model checking. In the abstract model, the state space is largely reduced, however, a counterexample found in such a model may not be…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2011-10-04 Cong Tian , Zhenhua Duan

We are interested in belief revision involving conditional statements where the antecedent is almost certainly false. To represent such problems, we use Ordinal Conditional Functions that may take infinite values. We model belief change in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-04-01 Aaron Hunter

Newcomers to ACL2 are sometimes surprised that ACL2 rejects formulas that they believe should be theorems, such as (REVERSE (REVERSE X)) = X. Experienced ACL2 users will recognize that the theorem only holds for intended values of X, and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Ruben Gamboa , Panagiotis Manolios , Eric Smith , Kyle Thompson

Merging beliefs requires the plausibility of the sources of the information to be merged. They are typically assumed equally reliable in lack of hints indicating otherwise; yet, a recent line of research spun from the idea of deriving this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Paolo Liberatore

Explaining autonomous and intelligent systems is critical in order to improve trust in their decisions. Counterfactuals have emerged as one of the most compelling forms of explanation. They address ``why not'' questions by revealing how…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Leila Amgoud , Martin Cooper

Due to the increasing use of machine learning in practice it becomes more and more important to be able to explain the prediction and behavior of machine learning models. An instance of explanations are counterfactual explanations which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-19 André Artelt , Barbara Hammer

Explainable Artificial Intelligence and Formal Argumentation have received significant attention in recent years. Argumentation-based systems often lack explainability while supporting decision-making processes. Counterfactual and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Gianvincenzo Alfano , Sergio Greco , Francesco Parisi , Irina Trubitsyna

According to Boutillier, Darwiche, Pearl and others, principles for iterated revision can be characterised in terms of changing beliefs about conditionals. For iterated contraction a similar formulation is not known. This is especially…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-03 Kai Sauerwald , Gabriele Kern-Isberner , Christoph Beierle

This paper deals with belief base revision that is a form of belief change consisting of the incorporation of new facts into an agent's beliefs represented by a finite set of propositional formulas. In the aim to guarantee more reliability…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-09-25 Raïda Ktari , Mohamed Ayman Boujelben

We modify a canonical experimental design to identify the effectiveness of retractions. Comparing beliefs after retractions to beliefs (a) without the retracted information and (b) after equivalent new information, we find that retractions…

General Economics · Economics 2025-03-03 Duarte Gonçalves , Jonathan Libgober , Jack Willis

The introduction of explicit notions of rejection, or disbelief, into logics for knowledge representation can be justified in a number of ways. Motivations range from the need for versions of negation weaker than classical negation, to the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Samir Chopra , Johannes Heidema , Thomas Meyer

We present a general framework for evaluating image counterfactuals. The power and flexibility of deep generative models make them valuable tools for learning mechanisms in structural causal models. However, their flexibility makes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Miguel Monteiro , Fabio De Sousa Ribeiro , Nick Pawlowski , Daniel C. Castro , Ben Glocker

It has been suggested that adversarial examples cause deep learning models to make incorrect predictions with high confidence. In this work, we take the opposite stance: an overly confident model is more likely to be vulnerable to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-02-14 Angus Galloway , Graham W. Taylor , Medhat Moussa

The impressive performance of recent language models across a wide range of tasks suggests that they possess a degree of abstract reasoning skills. Are these skills general and transferable, or specialized to specific tasks seen during…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Zhaofeng Wu , Linlu Qiu , Alexis Ross , Ekin Akyürek , Boyuan Chen , Bailin Wang , Najoung Kim , Jacob Andreas , Yoon Kim