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Large language models (LLMs) assisted literature retrieval may lead to erroneous references, but these errors have not been rigorously quantified. Therefore, we quantitatively assess errors in reference retrieval of widely used free-version…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Jenny Gao , Yongfeng Zhang , Mary L Disis , Lanjing Zhang

This study explores the extent to which bibliometric indicators based on counts of highly-cited documents could be affected by the choice of data source. The initial hypothesis is that databases that rely on journal selection criteria for…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2018-11-20 Alberto Martín-Martín , Enrique Orduna-Malea , Emilio Delgado López-Cózar

In this paper we describe a case study where researchers in the social sciences (n=19) assess topical relevance for controlled search terms, journal names and author names which have been compiled automatically by bibliometric-enhanced…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2014-09-02 Philipp Mayr

With the increasing integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in academic problem solving, university students frequently alternate between traditional search engines like Google and large language models (LLMs) for information retrieval.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Md. Faiyaz Abdullah Sayeedi , Md. Sadman Haque , Zobaer Ibn Razzaque , Robiul Awoul Robin , Sabila Nawshin

Bibliographic metrics are commonly utilized for evaluation purposes within academia, often in conjunction with other metrics. These metrics vary widely across fields and change with the seniority of the scholar; consequently, the only way…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2021-12-17 Sen Tian , Panos Ipeirotis

Microsoft Academic is a free academic search engine and citation index that is similar to Google Scholar but can be automatically queried. Its data is potentially useful for bibliometric analysis if it is possible to search effectively for…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2017-11-27 Mike Thelwall

Scientific progress depends on researchers' ability to synthesize the growing body of literature. Can large language models (LMs) assist scientists in this task? We introduce OpenScholar, a specialized retrieval-augmented LM that answers…

World University rankings have become well-established tools that students, university managers and policy makers read and use. Each ranking claims to have a unique methodology capable of measuring the 'quality' of universities. The purpose…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Nicolas Robinson-Garcia , Daniel Torres-Salinas , Enrique Herrera-Viedma , Domingo Docampo

Studies of the overall structure of vocabulary and its dynamics became possible due to creation of diachronic text corpora, especially Google Books Ngram. This article discusses the question of core change rate and the degree to which the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-25 Valery D. Solovyev , Vladimir V. Bochkarev , Anna V. Shevlyakova

The h-index is a popular bibliometric indicator for assessing individual scientists. We criticize the h-index from a theoretical point of view. We argue that for the purpose of measuring the overall scientific impact of a scientist (or some…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2011-08-22 Ludo Waltman , Nees Jan van Eck

Many studies in information science have looked at the growth of science. In this study, we re-examine the question of the growth of science. To do this we (i) use current data up to publication year 2012 and (ii) analyse it across all…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2014-05-09 Lutz Bornmann , Ruediger Mutz

A variety of bibliometric measures have been proposed to quantify the impact of researchers and their work. The h-index is a notable and widely-used example which aims to improve over simple metrics such as raw counts of papers or…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2013-05-08 Graham Cormode , Qiang Ma , S. Muthukrishnan , Brian Thompson

This paper presents proof that Google Scholar (GS) can construct documentary sets relevant for evaluating researchers' works. Nobelists in economics were the researchers under analysis, and two types of tests of the GS cites to their works…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2014-11-05 Stephen J. Bensman , Alice Daugherty , Lawrence J. Smolinsky , Daniel S. Sage , J. Sylvan Katz

The academic performance indicators of the Doctor of Science title, the highest and most prestigious qualification awarded by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (HAS), are key in the national assessment system. The types of performance…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Gyorgy Csomos

Ranking scientific authors is an important but challenging task, mostly due to the dynamic nature of the evolving scientific publications. The basic indicators of an author's productivity and impact are still the number of publications and…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2016-10-25 Dinesh Pradhan , Partha Sarathi Paul , Umesh Maheswari , Subrata Nandi , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Presumably, peer reviewers and Large Language Models (LLMs) do very different things when asked to assess research. Still, recent evidence has shown that LLMs have a moderate ability to predict quality scores of published academic journal…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Liv Langfeldt , Dag W. Aksnes , Henrik Karlstrøm , Mike Thelwall

The Leiden Ranking 2011/2012 is a ranking of universities based on bibliometric indicators of publication output, citation impact, and scientific collaboration. The ranking includes 500 major universities from 41 different countries. This…

This study investigates how Large Language Models (LLMs) are influencing the language of academic papers by tracking 12 LLM-associated terms across six major scholarly databases (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, PubMed Central (PMC),…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Kayvan Kousha , Mike Thelwall

Heretofore, the only way to evaluate an author has been frequency-based citation metrics that assume citations to be of a neutral sentiment. However, considering the sentiment behind citations aids in a better understanding of the…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Shikha Gupta , Animesh Kumar

Although both Google Gemini (1.5 Flash) and ChatGPT (4o and 4o-mini) give research quality evaluation scores that correlate positively with expert scores in nearly all fields, and more strongly that citations in most, it is not known…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Mike Thelwall