Related papers: Very local interstellar spectra for galactic elect…
Low energy cosmic-rays (CRs) are responsible for gas heating and ionization of interstellar clouds, which in turn introduces coupling to Galactic magnetic fields. So far the CR ionization rate (CRIR) has been estimated using indirect…
A self-consistent two-dimensional model is proposed to account for the transient mesospheric nighttime optical emissions associated to possible intra-cloud (IC) lightning occurring in the Venusian troposphere. The model calculates the…
The Cosmic Hot Interstellar Plasma Spectrometer (CHIPS) was designed to study diffuse emission from hot gas in the local interstellar cavity in the wavelength range 90 - 265 A. Between launch in January 2003 and early 2004, the instrument…
The transport environment for particles in the heliosphere, e.g. galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) and MeV electrons (including those originating from Jupiters magnetosphere), is defined by the solar wind flow and the structure of the embedded…
Since its launch, the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer - 02 (AMS-02) has delivered outstanding quality measurements of the spectra of cosmic-ray (CR) species, $\bar{p}$, $e^{\pm}$, and nuclei, $_1$H-$_8$O, $_{10}$Ne, $_{12}$Mg, $_{14}$Si, which…
The recently published precise spectrum of cosmic ray protons from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer has been examined in some detail from the standpoint of a search for deviations from a smooth, simple, power law. We find a significant…
In situ observations of interstellar neutral (ISN) helium atoms by the IBEX-Lo instrument onboard the Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) mission are used to determine the velocity and temperature of the pristine very local interstellar…
At present, the heliosphere is embedded in a warm low density interstellar cloud that belongs to a cloud system flowing through the local standard of rest with a velocity near ~18 km/s. The velocity structure of the nearest interstellar…
Experimental results by Milagro, HAWC, and ARGO-YBJ have observed variations in the energy spectrum of cosmic rays at TeV scales in different regions of the sky. These findings on the spectral anisotropy provide insights into cosmic ray…
Owing to their rapid cooling rate and hence loss-limited propagation distance, cosmic-ray electrons and positrons (CRe) at very high energies probe local cosmic-ray accelerators and provide constraints on exotic production mechanisms such…
This paper summarizes the results obtained by the team "Heliosheath Processes and the Structure of the Heliopause: Modeling Energetic Particles, Cosmic Rays, and Magnetic Fields" supported by the International Space Science Institute in…
The cosmic ray energy spectra encode very important information about the mechanisms that generate relativistic particles in the Milky Way, and about the properties of the Galaxy that control their propagation. Relativistic electrons and…
Observationally, it is difficult to establish at what rigidity the modulation of galactic cosmic rays (CRs) actually begins in the heliosphere. It should be possible to do if the relevant local interstellar CR spectra were known and…
Galactic cosmic rays (CRs) inside the heliosphere are affected by solar modulation. To investigate this phenomenon and its underlying physical mechanisms, we have performed a data-driven analysis of the temporal dependence of the CR proton…
The energy spectrum of cosmic rays above 2.5 EeV has been measured across the declination range $-90^\circ \leq\delta\leq +44.8^\circ$ using data from $\sim 310{,}000$ events accrued at the Pierre Auger Observatory from an exposure of…
Cosmic-ray proton and helium spectra have been measured with the balloon-borne Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass experiment flown for 42 days in Antarctica in the 2004-2005 austral summer season. High-energy cosmic-ray data were collected at…
The very high energy Galactic $\gamma$-ray sky is partially opaque in the ($0.1-10$) PeV energy range. In the light of the recently detected high energy neutrino flux by IceCube, a comparable very high energy $\gamma$-ray flux is expected…
High energy cosmic ray electrons plus positrons (CREs), which lose energy quickly during their propagation, provide an ideal probe of Galactic high-energy processes and may enable the observation of phenomena such as dark-matter particle…
The measurement of the anisotropy in the arrival direction of cosmic rays is complementary to the study of their energy spectrum and chemical composition to understand their origin and propagation. It is also a tool to probe the structure…
The energy spectra and anisotropies are very important probes of the origin of cosmic rays. Recent measurements show that complicated but very interesting structures exist, at similar energies, in both the spectra and energy-dependent…