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Recursive decision trees are widely used to estimate heterogeneous causal treatment effects in experimental and observational studies. These methods are typically implemented using CART-type recursive partitioning and are often viewed as…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-19 Matias D. Cattaneo , Jason M. Klusowski , Ruiqi Rae Yu

Decision tree optimization is fundamental to interpretable machine learning. The most popular approach is to greedily search for the best feature at every decision point, which is fast but provably suboptimal. Recent approaches find the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Varun Babbar , Hayden McTavish , Cynthia Rudin , Margo Seltzer

The field of machine learning is subject to an increasing interest in models that are not only accurate but also interpretable and robust, thus allowing their end users to understand and trust AI systems. This paper presents a novel method…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Valentin Lemaire , Gaël Aglin , Siegfried Nijssen

Multi-target regression is useful in a plethora of applications. Although random forest models perform well in these tasks, they are often difficult to interpret. Interpretability is crucial in machine learning, especially when it can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-30 Avraam Bardos , Nikolaos Mylonas , Ioannis Mollas , Grigorios Tsoumakas

Tree ensembles are very popular machine learning models, known for their effectiveness in supervised classification and regression tasks. Their performance derives from aggregating predictions of multiple decision trees, which are renowned…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-01-14 Lorenzo Bonasera , Emilio Carrizosa

This work presents a new classifier that is specifically designed to be fully interpretable. This technique determines the probability of a class outcome, based directly on probability assignments measured from the training data. The…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-10-31 Sapan Agarwal , Corey M. Hudson

Interpretability and effectiveness are two essential and indispensable requirements for adopting machine learning methods in reality. In this paper, we propose a knowledge distillation based decision trees extension, dubbed rectified…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-24 Yiming Li , Jiawang Bai , Jiawei Li , Xue Yang , Yong Jiang , Shu-Tao Xia

With the advent of highly predictive but opaque deep learning models, it has become more important than ever to understand and explain the predictions of such models. Existing approaches define interpretability as the inverse of complexity…

Fair clustering has gained increasing attention in recent years, especially in applications involving socially sensitive attributes. However, existing fair clustering methods often lack interpretability, limiting their applicability in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Mudi Jiang , Jiahui Zhou , Xinying Liu , Zengyou He , Zhikui Chen

Based on decision trees, many fields have arguably made tremendous progress in recent years. In simple words, decision trees use the strategy of "divide-and-conquer" to divide the complex problem on the dependency between input features and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-22 Jinxiong Zhang

In an era where artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms increasingly impact human life, it is crucial to develop models that account for potential discrimination in their predictions. This paper tackles this problem by…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-10 Anna Gottard , Vanessa Verrina , Sabrina Giordano

We present convincing empirical evidence for an effective and general strategy for building accurate small models. Such models are attractive for interpretability and also find use in resource-constrained environments. The strategy is to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Abhishek Ghose

For supervised classification problems involving design, control, other practical purposes, users are not only interested in finding a highly accurate classifier, but they also demand that the obtained classifier be easily interpretable.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-04 Yashesh Dhebar , Kalyanmoy Deb

This paper presents enhancements to the projection pursuit tree classifier and visual diagnostic methods for assessing their impact in high dimensions. The original algorithm uses linear combinations of variables in a tree structure where…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-16 Natalia da Silva , Dianne Cook , Eun-Kyung Lee

Scaling regression to large datasets is a common problem in many application areas. We propose a two step approach to scaling regression to large datasets. Using a regression tree (CART) to segment the large dataset constitutes the first…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-07-26 Rajiv Sambasivan , Sourish Das

Machine learning algorithms often assume that training samples are independent. When data points are connected by a network, the induced dependency between samples is both a challenge, reducing effective sample size, and an opportunity to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-22 Tiffany M. Tang , Elizaveta Levina , Ji Zhu

Clustering serves as a vital tool for uncovering latent data structures, and achieving both high accuracy and interpretability is essential. To this end, existing methods typically construct binary decision trees by solving mixed-integer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Hayato Suzuki , Shunnosuke Ikeda , Yuichi Takano

Over the past decades, classification models have proven to be essential machine learning tools given their potential and applicability in various domains. In these years, the north of the majority of the researchers had been to improve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-11 Mário Popolin Neto , Fernando V. Paulovich

It is becoming increasingly important for machine learning methods to make predictions that are interpretable as well as accurate. In many practical applications, it is of interest which features and feature interactions are relevant to the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-02-09 Viktoriya Krakovna , Jiong Du , Jun S. Liu

Decision trees built with data remain in widespread use for nonparametric prediction. Predicting probability distributions is preferred over point predictions when uncertainty plays a prominent role in analysis and decision-making. We study…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-06-21 Sara Shashaani , Ozge Surer , Matthew Plumlee , Seth Guikema