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Previously-unexplored diagnostics of O IV in the extreme ultraviolet region 260-280 A are used to derive a temperature and density for a solar flare kernel observed on 2012 March 9 with the Extreme ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer on the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-01-24 Peter R. Young

We present observations and analysis of an X1.8 non-eruptive solar flare on 2012 October 23, which is characterized by an extremely large late-phase peak seen in the warm coronal extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) emissions ($\sim$ 3 MK), with the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-25 Shihan Li , Yu Dai , Mingde Ding , Jinhan Guo , Hao Wu

We present SDO/AIA observation of three types of fast-mode propagating magnetosonic waves in a GOES C3.0 flare on 2013 April 23, which was accompanied by a prominence eruption and a broad coronal mass ejection (CME). During the fast rising…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-11-24 Xinping Zhou , Yuandeng Shen , Jiangtao Su , Zehao Tang , Chengrui Zhou , Yadan Duan , Song Tan

Continuum emission from a solar flare observed with the Extreme ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) on board the Hinode satellite is used to obtain the radiometric calibration of the instrument. The flare had a GOES class of M8, and…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-07 Peter R. Young , Biswajit Mondal

We analyse the spatial distribution and vertical stratification of the physical parameters of the solar atmosphere when an X-class flare occurs. We made use of observations acquired by the Interferometric Bidimensional Spectropolarimeter…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-06-19 F. Ferrente , C. Quintero Noda , F. Zuccarello , S. L. Guglielmino

The detailed knowledge of plasma heating and acceleration region properties presents a major observational challenge in solar flare physics. Using the Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI), the high temperature differential…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-12-02 Natasha Jeffrey , Eduard Kontar , Brian Dennis

Our knowledge of the diffuse emission that encompasses active regions is very limited. In the present paper we investigate two off-limb active regions, namely AR10939 and AR10961, to probe the underlying heating mechanisms. For this purpose…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-22 Srividya Subramanian , Durgesh Tripathi , James A. Klimchuk , Helen E. Mason

We present a statistical analysis of properties of Soft X-Ray (SXR) emission, plasma temperature (T), and emission measure (EM), derived from GOES observations of flares in 2002-2017. The temperature and emission measures are obtained using…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-03-27 Viacheslav M Sadykov , Alexander G Kosovichev , Irina N Kitiashvili , Alexander Frolov

Acceleration of particles and plasma heating is one of the fundamental problems in solar flare physics. An accurate determination of the spectrum of flare energized electrons over a broad energy range is crucial for our understanding of…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-12-16 Marina Battaglia , Galina Motorina , Eduard P. Kontar

This paper presents measurements of the energy radiated by the lower solar atmosphere, at optical, UV, and EUV wavelengths, during an X-class solar flare (SOL2011-02-15T01:56) in response to an injection of energy assumed to be in the form…

We have carried out a comprehensive study of the temperature structure of plasmoids, which successively occurred in recurrent active region jets. The multithermal plasmoids were seen to be travelling along the multi-threaded spire as well…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-11-16 Sargam M. Mulay , Durgesh Tripathi , Helen Mason , Giulio Del Zanna , Vasilis Archontis

We exploit the high spatial resolution and high cadence of the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) to investigate the response of the transition region and chromosphere to energy deposition during a small flare. Simultaneous…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2016-09-28 Harry P. Warren , Jeffrey W. Reep , Nicholas A. Crump , Paulo J. A. Simoes

We conduct a wide-band X-ray spectral analysis in the energy range of 1.5-100 keV to study the time evolution of the M7.6 class flare of 2016 July 23, with the Miniature X-ray Solar Spectrometer (MinXSS) CubeSat and the Reuven Ramaty High…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-07-20 Shunsaku Nagasawa , Tomoko Kawate , Noriyuki Narukage , Tadayuki Takahashi , Amir Caspi , Thomas N. Woods

Here we present the study of a compact emission source during an X1.3 flare on 2022-March-30. Within a $\sim41$~s period (17:34:48 UT to 17:35:29 UT), IRIS observations show spectral lines of Mg II, C II and Si IV with extremely broadened,…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-09-13 Yan Xu , Graham S. Kerr , Vanessa Polito , Nengyi Huang , Ju Jing , Haimin Wang

High-energy emission spectra from the outer atmospheres of late-type stars represent an important feature of the stellar activity in several contexts, such as the photoevaporation and photochemistry of planetary atmospheres or the modeling…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-17 Antonio Maggio , Ignazio Pillitteri , Jorge Sanz-Forcada , Giuseppina Micela

In previous studies a very hot plasma component has been diagnosed in solar active regions through the images in three different narrow-band channels of SDO/AIA. This diagnostic from EUV imaging data has also been supported by the matching…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-18 A. Petralia , F. Reale , P. Testa , G. Del Zanna

The extreme solar and SEP event of 20 January 2005 is analyzed from two perspectives. Firstly, we study features of the main phase of the flare, when the strongest emissions from microwaves up to 200 MeV gamma-rays were observed. Secondly,…

Recent observations in extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) wavelengths reveal a new late phase in some solar flares, which is seen as a second peak in warm coronal emissions ($\sim3$ MK) several tens of minutes to a few hours after the soft X-ray…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-08-04 Y. Zhong , Y. Dai , M. D. Ding

Stellar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) can strip planetary atmospheres, reducing the potential habitability of terrestrial planets. While flares have been observed for decades, stellar CMEs remain elusive. Extreme ultraviolet…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-30 James Paul Mason , Allison Youngblood , Kevin France , Astrid M. Veronig , Meng Jin

Solar flares effectively accelerate particles to non-thermal energies. These accelerated electrons are responsible for energy transport and subsequent emissions in HXR, radio, and UV/EUV radiation. Due to the steeply decreasing electron…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-01 Yingjie Luo , Eduard P. Kontar , Debesh Bhattacharjee