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Data exhibiting heavy-tails in one or more dimensions is often studied using the framework of regular variation. In a multivariate setting this requires identifying specific forms of dependence in the data; this means identifying that the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-02-02 Bikramjit Das , Sidney I. Resnick

When modeling multivariate phenomena, properly capturing the joint extremal behavior is often one of the many concerns. Archimax copulas appear as successful candidates in case of asymptotic dependence. In this paper, the class of Archimax…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-01-23 Simon Chatelain , Samuel Perreault , Johanna G. Nešlehová , Anne-Laure Fougères

We study the asymptotic behaviour of widely used tests for evaluating and comparing predictive accuracy when forecast errors exhibit heavy tails. In particular, when loss differentials have infinite variance, the Diebold-Mariano test…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-20 Jonas F. Frederiksen , Muneya Matsui , Rasmus S. Pedersen

Several objects in the Extremes literature are special instances of max-stable random sup-measures. This perspective opens connections to the theory of random sets and the theory of risk measures and makes it possible to extend…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-03-18 Ilya Molchanov , Kirstin Strokorb

Heavy-tailed distributions are found throughout many naturally occurring phenomena. We have reviewed the models of stochastic dynamics that lead to heavy-tailed distributions (and power law distributions, in particular) including the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2011-05-09 Ph. Blanchard , T. Krueger , D. Volchenkov

Accurately identifying the extremal dependence structure in multivariate heavy-tailed data is a fundamental yet challenging task, particularly in financial applications. Following a recently proposed bootstrap-based testing procedure, we…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-06-06 Qian Hui , Sidney I. Resnick , Tiandong Wang

We derive some key extremal features for $k$th order Markov chains that can be used to understand how the process moves between an extreme state and the body of the process. The chains are studied given that there is an exceedance of a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-01-27 Ioannis Papastathopoulos , Adrian Casey , Jonathan A. Tawn

In this paper, we consider a simple estimator for tail dependence coefficients of a max-stable time series and show its asymptotic normality under a mild condition. The novelty of our result is that this condition does not involve mixing…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-05-18 Marco Oesting , Albert Rapp

Accurate forecasting of volatility and return quantiles is essential for evaluating financial tail risks such as value-at-risk and expected shortfall. This study proposes an extension of the traditional stochastic volatility model, termed…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-02-02 Makoto Takahashi , Yuta Yamauchi , Toshiaki Watanabe , Yasuhiro Omori

Extreme events are often multivariate in nature. A compound extreme occurs when a combination of variables jointly produces a significant impact, even if individual components are not necessarily marginally extreme. Compound extremes have…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-24 Cathy Yin , Adam M. Sykulski , Almut E. D. Veraart

Modern risk modelling approaches deal with vectors of multiple components. The components could be, for example, returns of financial instruments or losses within an insurance portfolio concerning different lines of business. One of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-05-12 Miriam Hägele , Jaakko Lehtomaa

Modelling multivariate tail dependence is one of the key challenges in extreme-value theory. Multivariate extremes are usually characterized using parametric models, some of which have simpler submodels at the boundary of their parameter…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-12-17 Anna Kiriliouk

We provide a necessary and sufficient condition for the ratio of two jointly alpha-Frechet random variables to be regularly varying. This condition is based on the spectral representation of the joint distribution and is easy to check in…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2011-02-04 Yizao Wang

We establish sharp tail asymptotics for component-wise extreme values of bivariate Gaussian random vectors with arbitrary correlation between the components. We consider two scaling regimes for the tail event in which we demonstrate the…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-03-28 Remco van der Hofstad , Harsha Honnappa

It is well known that the probability distribution of high-frequency financial returns is characterized by a leptokurtic, heavy-tailed shape. This behavior undermines the typical assumption of Gaussian log-returns behind the standard…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2023-06-14 Federica De Domenico , Giacomo Livan , Guido Montagna , Oreste Nicrosini

Recent theoretical studies have shown that heavy-tails can emerge in stochastic optimization due to `multiplicative noise', even under surprisingly simple settings, such as linear regression with Gaussian data. While these studies have…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-06 Mert Gurbuzbalaban , Yuanhan Hu , Umut Simsekli , Kun Yuan , Lingjiong Zhu

Measures of tail dependence between random variables aim to numerically quantify the degree of association between their extreme realizations. Existing tail dependence coefficients (TDCs) are based on an asymptotic analysis of relevant…

Applications · Statistics 2021-06-11 Davide Lauria , Svetlozar T. Rachev , A. Alexandre Trindade

We develop an asymptotic theory for extremes in decomposable graphical models by presenting results applicable to a range of extremal dependence types. Specifically, we investigate the weak limit of the distribution of suitably normalised…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-02-13 Adrian Casey , Ioannis Papastathopoulos

We tackle the modeling of threshold exceedances in asymptotically independent stochastic processes by constructions based on Laplace random fields. These are defined as Gaussian random fields scaled with a stochastic variable following an…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-03-09 Thomas Opitz

We introduce a new class of heavy-tailed distributions for which any weighted average of independent and identically distributed random variables is larger than one such random variable in (usual) stochastic order. We show that many…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-06-18 Yuyu Chen , Seva Shneer
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