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There is considerable current interest in applications of generalised Lie algebras graded by an abelian group $\Gamma$ with a commutative factor $\omega$. This calls for a systematic development of the theory of such algebraic structures.…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-06 R. B. Zhang

Levy-Loewner evolution (LLE) is a generalization of the Schramm-Loewner evolution (SLE) where the branching is possible in a course of growth process. We consider a class of radial Levy-Loewner evolutions for which sets of points of the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2019-02-26 Igor Loutsenko , Oksana Yermolayeva

The depth-weighted tree DWT($f$) with weight function $f:\{0,1,2,\ldots\}\to (0,\infty)$ is a dynamic random tree grown from a root $r$ where vertices arrive consecutively and every new vertex attaches to a parent $u$ with probability…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-02-18 Lyuben Lichev , Amitai Linker , Bas Lodewijks , Dieter Mitsche

Loop measures and their associated loop soups are generally viewed as arising from finite state Markov chains. We generalize several results to loop measures arising from potentially complex edge weights. We discuss two applications:…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-06-26 Gregory F. Lawler , Jacob Perlman

This paper studies linear generalised complex structures over vector bundles, as a generalised geometry version of holomorphic vector bundles. In an adapted linear splitting, a linear generalised complex structure on a vector bundle $E\to…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2021-05-07 Malte Heuer , Madeleine Jotz Lean

The spanning tree heuristic is a commonly adopted procedure in network inference and estimation. It allows one to generalize an inference method developed for trees, which is usually based on a statistically rigorous approach, to a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-05-22 Feng Ji , Wenchang Tang , Wee Peng Tay

A planar tree power series over a field $K$ is a formal expression $$\sum c_T \cdot T$$ where the sum is extended over all isomorphism classes of finite planar reduced rooted trees $T$ and where the coefficients $c_T$ are in $K$.…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Lothar Gerritzen

This paper builds on the theory of generalised functions begun in [1]. The Colombeau theory of generalised scalar fields on manifolds is extended to a nonlinear theory of generalised tensor fields which is diffeomorphism invariant and has…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2021-03-17 Eduard A. Nigsch , James A. Vickers

A \emph{$k$-tree} is a chordal graph with no $(k+2)$-clique. An \emph{$\ell$-tree-partition} of a graph $G$ is a vertex partition of $G$ into `bags', such that contracting each bag to a single vertex gives an $\ell$-tree (after deleting…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 David R. Wood

We consider weighted structures, which extend ordinary relational structures by assigning weights, i.e. elements from a particular group or ring, to tuples present in the structure. We introduce an extension of first-order logic that allows…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-09-23 Steffen van Bergerem , Nicole Schweikardt

A \emph{metric tree embedding} of expected \emph{stretch~$\alpha \geq 1$} maps a weighted $n$-node graph $G = (V, E, \omega)$ to a weighted tree $T = (V_T, E_T, \omega_T)$ with $V \subseteq V_T$ such that, for all $v,w \in V$,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2016-08-25 Stephan Friedrichs , Christoph Lenzen

A modification of perturbation theory, known as delta-expansion (variationally improved perturbation), gave rigorously convergent series in some D=1 models (oscillator energy levels) with factorially divergent ordinary perturbative…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-09-13 J. -L. Kneur , D. Reynaud

We study the unweighted Tree Augmentation Problem (TAP) via the Lasserre (Sum of Squares) system. We prove an approximation guarantee of ($1.8+\epsilon$) relative to an SDP relaxation, which matches the combinatorial approximation guarantee…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-04-05 Joe Cheriyan , Zhihan Gao

A loop series expansion for the partition function of a general statistical model on a graph is carried out. If the auxiliary probability distributions of the expansion are chosen to be a fixed point of the belief-propagation equation, the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2011-10-06 Jing-Qing Xiao , Haijun Zhou

Group field theories (GFT) are higher dimensional generalizations of matrix models whose Feynman diagrams are dual to triangulations. Here we propose a modification of GFT models that includes extra field indices keeping track of the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-07-30 Aristide Baratin , Laurent Freidel , Razvan Gurau

The phylogenetic tree space introduced by Billera, Holmes, and Vogtmann (BHV tree space) is a CAT(0) continuous space that represents trees with edge weights with an intrinsic geodesic distance measure. The geodesic distance measure unique…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2021-10-29 Yingying Ren , Sihan Zha , Jingwen Bi , José A. Sanchez , Cara Monical , Michelle Delcourt , Rosemary K. Guzman , Ruth Davidson

A new powerful method to calculate Feynman diagrams is proposed. It consists in setting up a Taylor series expansion in the external momenta squared (in general multivariable). The Taylor coefficients are obtained from the original diagram…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-08-17 J. Fleischer , O. V. Tarasov

We study the structure of abelian extensions of the group $L_qG$ of $q$-differentiable loops (in the Sobolev sense), generalizing from the case of central extension of the smooth loop group. This is motivated by the aim of understanding the…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2012-03-09 Pedram Hekmati , Jouko Mickelsson

This study introduces and evaluates the Quantile Regressor Tree (QRT), a novel methodology merging the robust characteristics of quantile regression with the versatility of decision trees. The quantile regressor tree introduces…

Applications · Statistics 2024-07-30 Jaachinma Okafor , Lateefah Isegen , Ark Ifeanyi

These lectures present an elementary introduction to quantum gauge fields. The first aim is to show how, in the tree approximation, gauge invariance follows from covariance and unitarity. This leads to the standard construction of the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 C. Becchi