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Trafficking of glutamate receptors into and out of synapses is critically involved in the plasticity of excitatory synaptic transmission. Endocytosis and exocytosis of receptors have initially been thought to account alone for this…
Immune cells recognize and discriminate antigens through immunological synapses - dynamic intercellular junctions exhibiting highly organized receptor-ligand patterns. While much work has focused on molecular kinetics and passive mechanisms…
Chemotaxis enables cells to systematically approach distant targets that emit a diffusible guiding substance. However, the visual observation of an encounter between a cell and a target does not necessarily indicate the presence of a…
Protein mobility is conventionally analyzed in terms of an effective diffusion. Yet, this description often fails to properly distinguish and evaluate the physical parameters (such as the membrane friction) and the biochemical interactions…
Accurate measurements of kinetic rate constants for interacting biomolecules is crucial for understanding the mechanisms underlying intracellular signalling pathways. The magnitude of binding rates plays a very important molecular…
Machine learning models of cellular interaction dynamics hold promise for understanding cell behavior. Natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity is a prominent example of such interaction dynamics and is commonly studied using time-resolved…
Direct observation of single-molecule interactions and dynamic configurations in situ is a demanding challenge but crucial for both chemical and biological systems. However, optical microscopy that relies on bulk measurements cannot meet…
NF-{\kappa}B is a pleiotropic protein whose nucleo-cytoplasmic trafficking is tightly regulated by multiple negative feedback loops embedded in the NF-{\kappa}B signaling network and contributes to diverse gene expression profiles important…
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (T) and natural killer (NK) cells are the main cytotoxic killer cells of the human body to eliminate pathogen-infected or tumorigenic cells (i.e. target cells). Once a NK or T cell has identified a target cell, they…
Trafficking of AMPA receptors in and out of synapses is crucial for synaptic plasticity. Previous studies have focused on the role of endo/exocytosis processes or that of lateral diffusion of extra-synaptic receptors. We have now directly…
The human neurotensin receptor 1 (NTSR1) is a G protein-coupled receptor. The receptor is activated by a small peptide ligand neurotensin. NTSR1 can be expressed in HEK cells by stable transfection. Previously we used the fluorescent…
Biological neurons have adaptive nature and perform complex computations involving the filtering of redundant information. However, most common neural cell models, including biologically plausible, such as Hodgkin-Huxley or Izhikevich, do…
The movement of molecules inside living cells is a fundamental feature of biological processes. The ability to both observe and analyse the details of molecular diffusion in vivo at the single molecule and single cell level can add…
In the absence of environmental cues, a migrating cell performs an isotropic random motion. Recently, the breaking of this isotropy has been observed when cells move in the presence of asymmetric adhesive patterns. However, up to now the…
Understanding how transcription factors (TFs) regulate mammalian gene expression in space and time is a central topic in biology. To activate a gene, a TF has first to diffuse in the available space of the nucleus until it reaches a target…
Central neurons operate in a regime of constantly fluctuating conductances, induced by thousands of presynaptic cells. Channelrhodopsins have been almost exclusively used to imprint a fixed spike pattern by sequences of brief…
Manipulating the flow of energy in nanoscale and molecular photonic devices is of both fundamental interest and central importance for applications in light harvesting optoelectronics. Under erratic solar irradiance conditions, unregulated…
The spatio-temporal organization of proteins within the cell membrane can affect numerous biological functions, including cell signaling, communication, and transportation. Deviations from normal spatial arrangements have been observed in…
The much sought after optical transistor --the photonic counterpart of the electronic transistor-- is poised to become a central ingredient in the development of optical signal processing. The motivation for using photons rather than…
The NF-kB signalling system is involved in a variety of cellular processes including immune response, inflammation, and apoptosis. Recent experiments have found oscillations in the nuclear-cytoplasmic translocation of the NF-kB…