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Multiple terrestrial and space-based telescopes have been proposed for detecting and tracking near-Earth objects (NEOs). Detailed simulations of the search performance of these systems have used complex computer codes that are not widely…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-03-23 Nathan Myhrvold

Understanding the properties of near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) is key for many aspects of planetary science, particularly planetary defense. Our current knowledge of NEA sizes and regolith properties is heavily dependent on simple thermal…

In planetary science, surface roughness is regarded to be a measure of surface irregularity at small spatial scales, and causes the thermal-infrared beaming effect (i.e. re-radiation of absorbed sunlight back towards to the Sun). Typically,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-09-23 Ben Rozitis

NEO Surveyor will detect asteroids and comets using mid-infrared thermal emission, however ground-based followup resources will require knowledge of the expected visible light brightness in order to plan characterization observations. Here…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-09-10 Joseph R. Masiero , Tyler Linder , Amy Mainzer , Dar W. Dahlen , Yuna G. Kwon

In the absence of dense photometry for a large population of Near Earth Objects (NEOs), the best method of obtaining a shape distribution comes from sparse photometry and partial lightcurves. We have used 867 partial lightcurves obtained by…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-04-10 Andrew McNeill , Joseph L. Hora , Annika Gustafsson , David E. Trilling , Michael Mommert

Mid-infrared (mid-IR) observations of Near-Earth Objects (NEOs) have historically been a valuable tool for understanding their physical properties. However, the current state of mid-IR instruments on ground-based telescopes places several…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-18 Andy J. López-Oquendo , Joseph L. Hora , David E. Trilling , Howard A. Smith

Increasing our knowledge of the orbits and compositions of Near-Earth Objects (NEOs) is important for a better understanding of the evolution of the Solar System and of life. The detection of serendipitous NEO appearances among the millions…

With the NEOWISE portion of the \emph{Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer} (WISE) project, we have carried out a highly uniform survey of the near-Earth object (NEO) population at thermal infrared wavelengths ranging from 3 to 22 $\mu$m,…

The Mission Accessible Near-Earth Object Survey (MANOS) aims to observe and characterize small (mean absolute magnitude H ~ 25 mag) Near-Earth Objects (NEOs) that are accessible by spacecraft (mean $\Delta v$ ~ 5.7 km/s) and that make close…

Studies on Near Earth Asteroids (NEAs) throw light on discoveries, identification, orbit prediction and civil alert capabilities, including potential asteroid impact hazards. Due to various new observational programs, the discovery rate of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-07-21 J. Rukmini , G. Raghavendra , S. A. Ahmed , D. Shanti Priya , Syeda Azeem Unnisa

Context. The study of planet-crossing asteroids is of both practical and fundamental importance. As they are closer than asteroids in the Main Belt, we have access to a smaller size range, and this population frequently impacts planetary…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-12-06 A. V. Sergeyev , B. Carry , M. Marsset , P. Pravec , D. Perna , F. E. DeMeo , V. Petropoulou , M. Lazzarin , F. La Forgia , I. Di Petro , the NEOROCKS team

Automated asteroid detection routines set requirements on the number of detections, signal-to-noise ratio, and the linearity of the expected motion in order to balance completeness, reliability, and time delay after data acquisition when…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-08-08 Joseph R. Masiero , E. Redwing , A. K. Mainzer , J. M. Bauer , R. M. Cutri , T. Grav , E. Kramer , C. R. Nugent , S. Sonnett , E. L. Wright

Asteroids with low orbital perihelion distances experience extreme heating from the Sun that can modify their surfaces and trigger non-typical activity mechanisms. These objects are generally difficult to observe from ground-based…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-04-24 Joseph R. Masiero , Yuna G. Kwon , Dar W. Dahlen , Frank J. Masci , Amy K. Mainzer

Large-area surveys operating at mid-infrared wavelengths have proven to be a valuable means of discovering and characterizing minor planets. Through the use of radiometric models, it is possible to derive physical properties such as…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-31 A. Mainzer , F. Usui , D. Trilling

We perform a search for dormant comets, asteroidal objects of cometary origin, in the near-Earth asteroid (NEA) population based on dynamical and physical considerations. Our study is based on albedos derived within the ExploreNEOs program…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-09-23 M. Mommert , A. W. Harris , M. Mueller , J. L. Hora , D. E. Trilling , W. F. Bottke , C. A. Thomas , M. Delbo , J. P. Emery , G. Fazio , H. A. Smith

The metal content of asteroids is of great interest, not only for theories of their origins and the evolution of the solar system but, in the case of near-Earth objects (NEOs), also for impact mitigation planning and endeavors in the field…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-03-26 Alan W. Harris , Line Drube

The Near-Earth Object Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (NEOWISE) spacecraft has been conducting a two-band thermal infrared survey to detect and characterize asteroids and comets since its reactivation in Dec 2013. Using the observations…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-02-20 Joseph R. Masiero , A. K. Mainzer , J. M. Bauer , R. M. Cutri , T. Grav , E. Kramer , J. Pittichová , S. Sonnett , E. L. Wright

The Near-Earth Object Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (NEOWISE) reactivation mission has completed its third year of surveying the sky in the thermal infrared for near-Earth asteroids and comets. NEOWISE collects simultaneous…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-10-04 Joseph R. Masiero , C. Nugent , A. K. Mainzer , E. L. Wright , J. M. Bauer , R. M. Cutri , T. Grav , E. Kramer , S. Sonnett

We present the preliminary results of an analysis of the sub-populations within the near-Earth asteroids, including the Atens, Apollos, Amors, and those that are considered potentially hazardous using data from the Wide-field Infrared…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-05 A. Mainzer , T. Grav , J. Masiero , J. Bauer , R. S. McMillan , J. Giorgini , T. Spahr , R. M. Cutri , D. J. Tholen , R. Jedicke , R. Walker , E. Wright , C. R. Nugent

We present new results of the observing program which is a part of the NEOROCKS project aimed to improve knowledge on physical properties of near-Earth Objects (NEOs) for planetary defense. Photometric observations were performed using the…