Related papers: On the Observational Equivalence of Continuous-Tim…

Determinism is (roughly) the thesis that the past determines the future. But efforts to define it precisely have exposed deep methodological disagreements. Standard possible-worlds formulations of determinism presuppose an "agreement"…

We study a random dynamical system such that one transformation is randomly selected from a family of transformations and then applied on each iteration. For such random dynamical systems, we consider estimates of absolutely continuous…

Distinguishability and, by extension, observability are key properties of dynamical systems. Establishing these properties is challenging, especially when no analytical model is available and they are to be inferred directly from…

Hidden-variable models aim to reproduce the results of quantum theory and to satisfy our classical intuition. Their refutation is usually based on deriving predictions that are different from those of quantum mechanics. Here instead we…

We compare two approaches to the predictive modeling of dynamical systems from partial observations at discrete times. The first is continuous in time, where one uses data to infer a model in the form of stochastic differential equations,…

Building on the recent notion of non-uniform complete observability, and on the fact that this property ensures non-uniform exponential detectability, this paper establishes the converse implication under suitable additional assumptions.…

One of quantum theory's salient features is its apparent indeterminism, i.e. measurement outcomes are typically probabilistic. We formally define and address whether this uncertainty is unavoidable or whether post-quantum theories can offer…

Empirical substantive research, such as in the life or social sciences, is commonly categorized into the two modes exploratory and confirmatory, both of which are essential to scientific progress. The former is also referred to as…

We present here three different approaches to the problem of modeling mathematically the concept of a non-deterministic mechanism. Each of these three approaches leads to a mathematical definition. We then show that all the three…

The existence of observables that are incompatible or not jointly measurable is a characteristic feature of quantum mechanics, which lies at the root of a number of nonclassical phenomena, such as uncertainty relations, wave--particle dual…

This paper considers the design of observational longitudinal studies with a continuous response and a binary time-invariant exposure, where, typically, the exposure is unbalanced, the mean response in the two groups differs at baseline and…

We give extensional and intensional characterizations of functional programs with nondeterminism: as structure preserving functions between biorders, and as nondeterministic sequential algorithms on ordered concrete data structures which…

Characterizing judgments of similarity within a perceptual or semantic domain, and making inferences about the underlying structure of this domain from these judgments, has an increasingly important role in cognitive and systems…

Even when completely and consistently formulated, a fundamental theory of physics and cosmological boundary conditions may not give unambiguous and unique predictions for the universe we observe; indeed inflation, string/M theory, and…

Tasks that require information about the world imply a trade-off between the time spent on observation and the variance of the response. In particular, fast decisions need to rely on uncertain information. However, standard estimates of…

Observational entropy provides a general notion of quantum entropy that appropriately interpolates between Boltzmann's and Gibbs' entropies, and has recently been argued to provide a useful measure of out-of-equilibrium thermodynamic…

I review the philosophical literature on the question of when two physical theories are equivalent. This includes a discussion of empirical equivalence, which is often taken to be necessary, and sometimes taken to be sufficient, for…

The evolution of observable quantities of finite quantum systems is analyzed when the latter are subject to nondestructive measurements. The type and number of measurements characterize the level of decoherence produced in the system. A…

A central paradigm behind process semantics based on observability and testing is that the exact moment of occurring of an internal nondeterministic choice is unobservable. It is natural, therefore, for this property to hold when the…

In order to claim that one has experimentally tested whether a noncontextual ontological model could underlie certain measurement statistics in quantum theory, it is necessary to have a notion of noncontextuality that applies to unsharp…