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The classic density-functional theory (DFT) formalism introduced by Hohenberg, Kohn, and Sham in the mid-1960s, is based upon the idea that the complicated N-electron wavefunction can be replaced with the mathematically simpler 1-electron…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2015-05-30 M. E. Casida , M. Huix-Rotllant

This article is part-I of a review of density-functional theory (DFT) that is the most widely used method for calculating electronic structure of materials. The accuracy and ease of numerical implementation of DFT methods has resulted in…

Materials Science · Physics 2023-05-25 Prashant Singh , Manoj K Harbola

Density Functional Theory (DFT) is widely used for atomistic simulations. However, its reach stays limited due to several limitations such as lack of accurate exchange-correlation functional, requirement of costly O(N 3) diagonalization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-18 Namrata Manglani , Samrit Kumar Maity , Shashank Sharma , Soham Phulare , Sanjay Wandhekar

We present the basic concepts and recent developments in the time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) for describing nuclear dynamics at low energy. The symmetry breaking is inherent in nuclear energy density functionals (EDFs),…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-12-21 Takashi Nakatsukasa , Kenichi Matsuyanagi , Masayuki Matsuo , Kazuhiro Yabana

Kohn-Sham density functional theory (DFT) is the workhorse of quantum chemistry, offering an attractive balance between accuracy and computational cost. Although exact in principle, DFT in practice relies on an approximation to the unknown…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-12 Karim K. Alaa El-Din , Antonius v. Strachwitz , Sam M. Vinko

Typical density functional theory (DFT) and approximations thereto solve the many-electron ground state problem by working from a numerically efficient non-interacting Kohn-Sham reference system; and benefit from useful minimization…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-04-02 Tim Gould

We formulate a time-dependent density functional theory for the coupled dynamics of electrons and nuclei that goes beyond the Born-Oppenheimer (BO) approximation. We prove that the time-dependent marginal nuclear probability density…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-11-14 Chen Li , Ryan Requist , E. K. U. Gross

We investigate the time an electronic excitation travels in a supermolecular setup using a measurement process in an open quantum-system framework. The approach is based on the stochastic Schr\"odinger equation and uses a Hamiltonian from…

Materials Science · Physics 2013-12-09 Dirk Hofmann , Heiko Appel , Massimiliano Di Ventra , Stephan Kümmel

The accurate description of open-shell molecules, in particular of transition metal complexes and clusters, is still an important challenge for quantum chemistry. While density-functional theory (DFT) is widely applied in this area, the…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2012-10-26 Christoph R. Jacob , Markus Reiher

We formulate equations of time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) in the co-moving Lagrangian reference frame. The main advantage of the Lagrangian description of many-body dynamics is that in the co-moving frame the current…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2009-11-10 I. V. Tokatly

Recent advances in X-ray free-electron laser diagnostics have enabled direct probing of the electronic structure under extreme pressures and temperatures, such as those encountered in stellar interiors and inertial confinement fusion…

Real-time time-dependent density functional theory (RT-TDDFT) is known to be hindered by the very small time step (attosecond or smaller) needed in the numerical simulation due to the fast oscillation of electron wavefunctions, which…

Computational Physics · Physics 2018-10-25 Weile Jia , Dong An , Lin-Wang Wang , Lin Lin

We describe the inclusion of electrodynamic fields in Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TDDFT) by incorporating both the induced scalar and vector potentials within the time-dependent Kohn-Sham equation. The Hamiltonian is described…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2020-07-01 Dor Gabay , Ali Yilmaz , Vitaliy Lomakin , Amir Boag , Amir Natan

Kohn-Sham spin-density functional theory provides an efficient and accurate model to study electron-electron interaction effects in quantum dots, but its application to large systems is a challenge. An efficient algorithm for the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Hong Jiang , Harold U. Baranger , Weitao Yang

We present a simple geometrical "fluidic" approximation to the non-adiabatic part of the Kohn-Sham potential, $v_{\mathrm{KS}}$, of time-dependent density functional theory. This part of $v_{\mathrm{KS}}$ is often crucial, but most…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2020-03-25 Mike Entwistle , Rex Godby

The self consistent version of the density functional theory (DFT) is presented, which allows to calculate the ground state and dynamic properties of finite multi-electron systems such as atoms, molecules and clusters. The exact functional…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Ya. Amusia , V. R. Shaginyan

We present INQ, a new implementation of density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) written from scratch to work on graphical processing units (GPUs). Besides GPU support, INQ makes use of modern code design features and…

Effective field theory (EFT) methods are applied to density functional theory (DFT) as part of a program to systematically go beyond mean-field approaches to medium and heavy nuclei. A system of fermions with short-range, natural…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 S. J. Puglia , A. Bhattacharyya , R. J. Furnstahl

We formulate the Kohn-Sham density functional theory (KS-DFT) as a statistical theory in which the electron density is deter-mined from an average of correlated stochastic densities in a trace formula. The key idea is that it is sufficient…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-06-15 Roi Baer , Daniel Neuhauser , Eran Rabani

Ultrafast electronic dynamics in solids lies at the core of modern condensed matter and materials physics. To build up a practical ab initio method for studying solids under photoexcitation, we develop a momentum-resolved real-time time…

Materials Science · Physics 2018-10-17 Chao Lian , Shi-Qi Hu , Meng-Xue Guan , Sheng Meng