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Every quantum state can be represented as a probability distribution over the outcomes of an informationally complete measurement. But not all probability distributions correspond to quantum states. Quantum state space may thus be thought…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-02-14 D. M. Appleby , Asa Ericsson , Christopher A. Fuchs

Elementary particles are found in two different situations: (i) bound to metastable states of matter, for which angular momentum is quantized, and (ii) free, for which, due to their high energy-momentum and leaving aside inner a.m. or spin,…

General Physics · Physics 2020-05-05 David Rodriguez

We elaborate on a new interpretation of quantum mechanics which we introduced recently. The main hypothesis of this new interpretation is that quantum particles are entities interacting with matter conceptually, which means that pieces of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-05-13 Diederik Aerts

A new concept of the constitution of Nature is proposed. The constructed submicroscopic quantum mechanics is deterministic and is characterised by elementary excitations of the space net that is treated as the tessellation of balls, or…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 Volodymyr Krasnoholovets

To enhance the consistency between the quantum descriptions of waves and particles, we quantise mechanical point particles in this paper in the same physically-motivated way as we previously quantised light in quantum electrodynamics…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-22 Arwa Bukhari , Daniel Hodgson , Sara Kanzi , Robert Purdy , Almut Beige

We consider the possibility that all particles in the world are fundamentally identical, i.e., belong to the same species. Different masses, charges, spins, flavors, or colors then merely correspond to different quantum states of the same…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-08-11 Sheldon Goldstein , James Taylor , Roderich Tumulka , Nino Zanghi

The coherence of an individual quantum state can be meaningfully discussed only when referring to a preferred basis. This arbitrariness can however be lifted when considering sets of quantum states. Here we introduce the concept of set…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-08 Sébastien Designolle , Roope Uola , Kimmo Luoma , Nicolas Brunner

In this article, we discard the bra-ket notation and its correlative definitions, given by Paul Dirac. The quantum states are only described by the wave functions. The fundamental concepts and definitions in quantum mechanics is simplified.…

General Physics · Physics 2020-04-27 Yongqin Wang , Lifeng Kang

We introduce new representations to formulate quantum mechanics on noncommutative coordinate space, which explicitly display entanglement properties between degrees of freedom of different coordinate components and hence could be called…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 S. C. Jing , Q. Y. Liu , H. Y. Fan

Through the $\eta$-inner product, we investigate $\cal PT$-symmetric quantum mechanics from the viewpoint of superposition and coherence theory. It is argued that $\cal PT$-symmetric quantum systems are endowed with stationary superposition…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-26 Minyi Huang , Ray-Kuang Lee , Junde Wu

A physical theory is proposed that obeys both the principles of special relativity and of quantum mechanics. As a key feature, the laws are formulated in terms of quantum events rather than of particle states. Temporal and spatial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-09-29 Kim J. Bostroem

We investigate the meaning of the wave function by analyzing the mass and charge density distributions of a quantum system. According to protective measurement, a charged quantum system has mass and charge density distributing in space,…

General Physics · Physics 2011-07-19 Shan Gao

p-Mechanics is a consistent physical theory which describes both quantum and classical mechanics simultaneously. We continue the development of p-mechanics by introducing the concept of states. The set of coherent states we introduce allow…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Alastair Brodlie

States in quantum field theory (QFT) are represented by many-particle wave functions, such that a state describing n particles depends on n spacetime positions. Since a general state is a superposition of states with different numbers of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-11-18 H. Nikolic

In this article, we discard the bra-ket notation and its correlative definitions, given by Paul Dirac. The quantum states are only described by the wave functions. The fundamental concepts and definitions in quantum mechanics is simplified.…

General Physics · Physics 2020-04-21 Yongqin Wang , Lifeng Kang

The conceptual problems in quantum mechanics -- related to the collapse of the wave function, the particle-wave duality, the meaning of measurement -- arise from the need to ascribe particle character to the wave function. As will be shown,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 Michael Danos , Tien D Kieu

Given two sets of quantum states {A_1, ..., A_k} and {B_1, ..., B_k}, represented as sets of density matrices, necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained for the existence of a physical transformation T, represented as a…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-06-04 Zejun Huang , Chi-Kwong Li , Edward Poon , Nung-Sing Sze

A formulation of quantum mechanics, which begins by postulating assertions for individual physical systems, is given. The statistical predictions of quantum mechanics for infinite ensembles are then derived from its assertions for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-08 J. B. Hartle

The hypothesis of quantum self-interference is not directly observable, but has at least three necessary implications. First, a quantum entity must have no less than two open paths. Second, the size of the interval between any two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Ghenadie N. Mardari

Molecular science is governed by the dynamics of electrons, atomic nuclei, and their interaction with electromagnetic fields. A reliable physicochemical understanding of these processes is crucial for the design and synthesis of chemicals…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-21 Hongbin Liu , Guang Hao Low , Damian S. Steiger , Thomas Häner , Markus Reiher , Matthias Troyer