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The wave-particle duality is a mind-body one. In the real 3D-space there exists only the particle, the wave exists in its consciousness. If there are many particles, their distribution in accordance with the wave function represents a real…

General Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Raoul Nakhmanson

We derive the representation theory of $SU(2)$ from the expository theory of Lie groups and Lie algebras. Based on this, the mathematics of non-relativistic quantum mechanics of a spin $\frac{1}{2}$ particle are described from a…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2025-01-08 Wonmyeong Cho

This is an attempt to construct a classical microscopic model of the electron which underlies quantum mechanics. An electron is modeled, not as a point particle, but as the end of an electromagnetic string, a line of flux. These lines…

General Physics · Physics 2008-07-24 Robert L. McCarthy

We put forward a possible new interpretation and explanatory framework for quantum theory. The basic hypothesis underlying this new framework is that quantum particles are conceptual entities. More concretely, we propose that quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-11-10 Diederik Aerts

The mathematical representation of the physical objects determines which mathematical branch will be applied during the physical analysis in the systems studied. The difference among non-quantum physics, like classic or relativistic…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Enrique Ordaz Romay

Quantum mechanics states that a particle emitted at point (x_1,t_1) and detected at point (x_2,t_2) does not travel along a definite path between the two points. This conclusion arises essentially from the analysis of the two-slit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 B. Galvan

How can quantum mechanics be (i) the fundamental theoretical framework of contemporary physics and (ii) a probability calculus that presupposes the events to which, and on the basis of which, it assigns probabilities? The question is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-06 Ulrich Mohrhoff

The purpose of this paper is to show that the mathematics of quantum mechanics (QM) is the mathematics of set partitions (which specify indefiniteness and definiteness) linearized to vector spaces, particularly in Hilbert spaces. That is,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-21 David Ellerman

The basic physical problems that necessitated the emergence of quantum physics are summarized, along with the elements of wave mechanics and its traditional statistical interpretation. Alternative interpretations to the statistical one,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 David Delphenich

A realistic measurement-free theory for the quantum physics of multiple qubits is proposed. This theory is based on a symbolic representation of a fractal state-space geometry which is invariant under the action of deterministic and locally…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-21 T. N. Palmer

It is argued that although quantum theory isn't an absolutely deterministic theory, it is partially deterministic. The approach followed here is in the framework of the standard (Copenhagen interpretation of) quantum mechanics without any…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2021-07-06 H. Razmi , J. Bahreini

Quantum mechanics is usually presented starting from a series of postulates about the mathematical framework. In this work we show that those same postulates can be derived by assuming that measurements are discrete interactions: that is,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-01-08 Gabriele Carcassi

Applications of quantum mechanics have led to many successful predictions and explanations of puzzling phenomena, and we now apply quantum mechanics to gain, process, and communicate information in novel ways. We can understand quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-03 Richard Healey

The development of quantum information theory has renewed interest in the idea that the state vector does not represent the state of a quantum system, but rather the knowledge or information that we may have on the system. I argue that this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Louis Marchildon

The classical view of mass is that it quantifies the amount of substance and is a kinematical parameter. All matter has an attribute of mass and is a conserved quantity in any interaction. With the advent of special relativity, mass became…

Popular Physics · Physics 2012-10-09 R. Ramachandran

The momentum representation is seldom used in quantum mechanics courses. Some students are thence surprised by the change in viewpoint when, in doing advanced work, they have to use the momentum rather than the coordinate representation. In…

This essay is an attempted to address, from a modern perspective, the motion of a particle. Quantum mechanically, motion consists of a series of localizations due to repeated interactions that, taken close to the limit of the continuum,…

General Physics · Physics 2015-05-14 Gerald E. Marsh

As part of a probabilistic reconstruction of quantum theory (QT), we show that spin is not a purely quantum mechanical phenomenon, as has long been assumed. Rather, this phenomenon occurs before the transition to QT takes place, namely in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-18 Ulf Klein

Quantum mechanics of photons is derived from the theory of representations of the Poincar\'e group developed by Wigner. This theory places helicity as the most fundamental property; angular momentum and polarization are secondary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-30 Iwo Bialynicki-Birula , Zofia Bialynicka-Birula

Aiming at providing an objective motion picture for the microscopic object described by the wave function, new analysis about motion is presented by use of the point set theory in mathematics, through which we show that a new kind of motion…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Gao Shan