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We investigate the sources and amount of dust in early galaxies. We discuss dust nucleation in stellar atmospheres using published extended atmosphere models, stellar evolution tracks and nucleation conditions and conclude that the (TPAGB)…
The origin of dust in the early Universe has been the subject of considerable debate. Core-collapse supernovae (ccSNe), which occur several million years after their massive progenitors form, could be a major source of that dust, as in the…
Supernovae (SNe) should both frequently have a binary companion at death and form significant amounts of dust. This implies that any binary companion must lie at the center of an expanding dust cloud and the variable obscuration of the…
In supernovae (SNe), where the light curves show evidence of strong and early interaction between the ejecta and the circumstellar matter (CSM), the formation of new dust is estimated to take place in a dense shell of gas between the…
The formation of dust with temperature-dependent non-grey opacity is considered in a series of self-consistent model atmospheres at different phases of an O-rich Mira variable of mass 1.2 $M_\odot$. Photometric and interferometric…
We review the near-infrared properties of classical novae in the J, H and K bands at wavelengths between 1.08 to 2.4 micron. A classification system exists for the early post-outburst optical spectra of novae on the basis of the strength of…
We report the detection of carbon monoxide (CO) and dust, formed under hostile conditions, in recurrent nova V745 Sco about 8.7 days after its 2014 outburst. The formation of molecules or dust has not been recorded previously in the ejecta…
Infrared (IR) observations of core collapse supernovae (CCSNe) have been used to infer the mass of dust that has formed in their ejecta. A plot of inferred dust masses versus supernova (SN) ages shows a trend of increasing dust mass with…
A significant fraction of novae exhibit a series of rebrightenings on the decline branch of their light curves. We use visual observations to study this phase in several well-observed novae. We find that these rebrightenings are isolated…
The presence of dust at high redshift requires efficient condensation of grains in SN ejecta, in accordance with current theoretical models. Yet, observations of the few well studied SNe and SN remnants imply condensation efficiencies which…
We consider dust formation during the ejection of the hydrogen envelope of a red supergiant during a failed supernova (SN) creating a black hole. While the dense, slow moving ejecta are very efficient at forming dust, only the very last…
In recent years, dust masses of a few tenths of a solar mass have been found in the expanding ejecta of a number of core-collapse supernovae. How dust forms in such quantities remains poorly understood; theories of dust formation predict…
We develop a dust efflux model of radiation pressure acting on dust grains which successfully reproduces the relation between stellar mass, dust opacity and star formation rate observed in local star-forming galaxies. The dust content of…
Core--collapsed supernovae (CCSNe) have been considered to be one of sources of dust in the universe. What kind and how much mass of dust are formed in the ejecta and are injected into the interstellar medium (ISM) depend on the type of…
We study the formation of molecules and dust clusters in the ejecta of solar metallicity, Type II-P supernovae using a chemical kinetic approach. We follow the evolution of molecules and small dust cluster masses from day 100 to day 1500…
We present a detailed study of the 2017 eruption of the classical nova ASASSN-17pf (LMCN 2017-11a), which is located in the Large Magellanic Cloud, including data from AAVSO, ASAS-SN, SALT, SMARTS, SOAR, and the Neil Gehrels \textit{Swift}…
Dust associated with various stellar sources in galaxies at all cosmic epochs remains a controversial topic, particularly whether supernovae (SNe) play an important role in dust production. We report evidence of dust formation in the cold,…
The origin of dust in galaxies is still a mystery. The majority of the refractory elements are produced in supernova explosions but it is unclear how and where dust grains condense and grow, and how they avoid destruction in the harsh…
Ultra-short period planets offer a window into the poorly understood interior composition of exoplanets through material evaporated from their rocky interiors. Among these objects are a class of disintegrating planets, observed when their…
The collapse of degenerate oxygen-neon cores (i.e., electron-capture supernovae or accretion-induced collapse) proceeds through a phase in which a deflagration wave ("flame") forms at or near the center and propagates through the star. In…