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Through model-to-data comparisons from heavy-ion collisions, it has been shown that the Quark Gluon Plasma has an extremely small shear viscosity at vanishing densities. At large baryon densities, significantly less is known about the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-06-12 Isabella Danhoni , Jordi Salinas San Martin , Jacquelyn Noronha-Hostler

Radiation of dileptons and photons from high energy nuclear collisions provides information on the space-time evolution of the hot dense matter produced therein. We compute this radiation using relativistic hydrodynamics and a…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-11-07 P. Huovinen , M. Belkacem , P. J. Ellis , J. I. Kapusta

To bracket the importance of the pre-equilibrium stage on relativistic heavy-ion collision observables, we compare simulations where it is modeled by either free-streaming partons or fluid dynamics. These cases implement the assumptions of…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-11-23 Ulrich W. Heinz , Jia Liu

Multiplicity fluctuations of positively, negatively and all charged hadrons in the forward hemisphere were studied in central Pb+Pb collisions at 20A, 30A, 40A, 80A and 158A GeV. The multiplicity distributions and their scaled variances are…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2013-05-29 The NA49 Collaboration , B. Lungwitz

We present a calculation of the global polarization of Lambda hyperons in relativistic Au-Au collisions at RHIC Beam Energy Scan range sqrt{s}_NN = 7.7 - 200 GeV with a 3+1 dimensional cascade + viscous hydro + cascade model, UrQMD+vHLLE.…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2017-04-07 Iu. Karpenko , F. Becattini

We analyze hadrochemical freeze-out in central Pb+Pb collisions at CERN SPS and LHC energies. We determine the effects of baryon and antibaryon annihilation and/or regeneration occurring during the final cascade expansion stage of the…

We report recent progress on causal viscous hydrodynamics for relativistic heavy ion collisions. For fixed specific shear viscosity eta/s, uncertainties in the elliptic flow arising from initial conditions, equation of state, bulk viscosity…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2010-01-15 Huichao Song , Ulrich W. Heinz

Current experiments at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) are probing finite baryon densities where the shear viscosity to enthalpy ratio $\eta T/w$ of the Quark Gluon Plasma remains unknown. We use the Hadron Resonance Gas (HRG)…

Elliptic flow ($v_2$) measurements of inclusive charged hadrons at mid-rapidity ($|\eta| <$ 1.0) in Au+Au collisions at $E_{lab} = 35\mathrm{~A~GeV}$ using the Parton Hadron String Dynamics (PHSD) model are presented as a function of…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2023-02-24 Waseem Bhat , M. Farooq Mir , Vipul Bairathi , Towseef Bhat , Sonia Kabana , Shabir Bhat

The UrQMD transport model, version 3.4, is used to study the new experimental data on transverse momentum spectra of $\pi^{\pm}$, $K^{\pm}$, $p$ and $\bar p$ produced in inelastic $p+p$ interactions at SPS energies, recently published by…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2018-04-04 Vitalii Ozvenchuk , Andrzej Rybicki

Heavy-ion collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}} \sim 10$ GeV probe the QCD phase diagram at large baryon densities. Because the longitudinal Lorentz contraction is small at these collision energies, understanding the dynamics during the early…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2023-07-18 Chun Shen , Abel Noble , Jean-François Paquet , Björn Schenke , Charles Gale

The transverse-momentum integrated elliptic flow of charged particles at midrapidity, $v_2$(charged), and that of identified hadrons from Au+Au collisions are computed in a wide range of incident energies 2.7 GeV $\le \sqrt{s_{NN}}\le$ 39…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-03-05 Yu. B. Ivanov , A. A. Soldatov

Two-particle pseudorapidity correlations of hadrons produced in Pb+Pb collisions at 2.76 TeV at the CERN Large Hadron Collider are analyzed in the framework of a model based on viscous 3+1-dimensional hydrodynamics with the Glauber initial…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-12-02 Piotr Bozek , Wojciech Broniowski , Adam Olszewski

In this work the shear viscosity $\eta$ and the diffusion coefficients of conserved charges $\kappa_{ij}$ with $i,j\in\{B,Q,S\}$ of hadronic matter are investigated within the hadronic transport approach SMASH. We systematically study the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2023-07-31 Jan Hammelmann , Jan Staudenmaier , Hannah Elfner

The higher order harmonic flow observables $v_n$ ($n > 3$) and their non-linear responses to the initial state anisotropy have the strong potential to constrain shear and bulk viscosity to entropy ratios because of different sensitivities…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2021-02-03 Jasper Parkkila

The paper is concerned with the 3D-initial value problem for power-law fluids with shear dependent viscosity in a spatially periodic domain. The goal is the construction of a weak solution enjoying an energy equality. The results hold…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-10-08 Francesca Crispo , Angelica Pia Di Feola , Carlo Romano Grisanti

We numerically analyze recent high energy heavy-ion collision experiments based on a hydrodynamical model with phase transition and discuss a systematic change of initial state of QGP-fluid depending on colliding-nuclei's mass. In a…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-09-08 Shin Muroya , Hiroki Nakamura , Mikio Namiki

In this work, the qualitative impact of the net baryochemical potential dependence of the shear viscosity to entropy density ratio $\eta/s$ in hydrodynamical simulations is studied. The effect of a predicted non-constant $\eta/s$($\mu_B$)…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-11-23 Niklas Götz , Hannah Elfner

Elliptic flow has been one of the key observables for establishing the finding of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) at the highest energies of Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). As a sign of collectively…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-06-17 Jussi Auvinen , Hannah Petersen

We report the beam energy (\sqrt s_{NN} = 7.7 - 200 GeV) and collision centrality dependence of the mean (M), standard deviation (\sigma), skewness (S), and kurtosis (\kappa) of the net-proton multiplicity distributions in Au+Au collisions.…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2014-02-24 STAR Collaboration , L. Adamczyk , J. K. Adkins , G. Agakishiev , M. M. Aggarwal , Z. Ahammed , I. Alekseev , J. Alford , C. D. Anson , A. Aparin , D. Arkhipkin , E. C. Aschenauer , G. S. Averichev , J. Balewski , A. Banerjee , Z. Barnovska , D. R. Beavis , R. Bellwied , A. Bhasin , A. K. Bhati , P. Bhattarai , H. Bichsel , J. Bielcik , J. Bielcikova , L. C. Bland , I. G. Bordyuzhin , W. Borowski , J. Bouchet , A. V. Brandin , S. G. Brovko , S. Bültmann , I. Bunzarov , T. P. Burton , J. Butterworth , H. Caines , M. Calderóndela Barca Sánchez , D. Cebra , R. Cendejas , M. C. Cervantes , P. Chaloupka , Z. Chang , S. Chattopadhyay , H. F. Chen , J. H. Chen , L. Chen , J. Cheng , M. Cherney , A. Chikanian , W. Christie , J. Chwastowski , M. J. M. Codrington , R. Corliss , J. G. Cramer , H. J. Crawford , X. Cui , S. Das , A. Davila Leyva , L. C. De Silva , R. R. Debbe , T. G. Dedovich , J. Deng , A. A. Derevschikov , R. Derradi de Souza , S. Dhamija , B. di Ruzza , L. Didenko , C. Dilks , F. Ding , P. Djawotho , X. Dong , J. L. Drachenberg , J. E. Draper , C. M. Du , L. E. Dunkelberger , J. C. Dunlop , L. G. Efimov , J. Engelage , K. S. Engle , G. Eppley , L. Eun , O. Evdokimov , R. Fatemi , S. Fazio , J. Fedorisin , P. Filip , E. Finch , Y. Fisyak , C. E. Flores , C. A. Gagliardi , D. R. Gangadharan , D. Garand , F. Geurts , A. Gibson , M. Girard , S. Gliske , D. Grosnick , Y. Guo , A. Gupta , S. Gupta , W. Guryn , B. Haag , O. Hajkova , A. Hamed , L-X. Han , R. Haque , J. W. Harris , J. P. Hays-Wehle , S. Heppelmann , A. Hirsch , G. W. Hoffmann , D. J. Hofman , S. Horvat , B. Huang , H. Z. Huang , P. Huck , T. J. Humanic , G. Igo , W. W. Jacobs , H. Jang , E. G. Judd , S. Kabana , D. Kalinkin , K. Kang , K. Kauder , H. W. Ke , D. Keane , A. Kechechyan , A. Kesich , Z. H. Khan , D. P. Kikola , I. Kisel , A. Kisiel , D. D. Koetke , T. Kollegger , J. Konzer , I. Koralt , W. Korsch , L. Kotchenda , P. Kravtsov , K. Krueger , I. Kulakov , L. Kumar , R. A. Kycia , M. A. C. Lamont , J. M. Landgraf , K. D. Landry , J. Lauret , A. Lebedev , R. Lednicky , J. H. Lee , W. Leight , M. J. LeVine , C. Li , W. Li , X. Li , X. Li , Y. Li , Z. M. Li , L. M. Lima , M. A. Lisa , F. Liu , T. Ljubicic , W. J. Llope , R. S. Longacre , X. Luo , G. L. Ma , Y. G. Ma , D. M. M. D. Madagodagettige Don , D. P. Mahapatra , R. Majka , S. Margetis , C. Markert , H. Masui , H. S. Matis , D. McDonald , T. S. McShane , N. G. Minaev , S. Mioduszewski , B. Mohanty , M. M. Mondal , D. A. Morozov , M. G. Munhoz , M. K. Mustafa , B. K. Nandi , Md. Nasim , T. K. Nayak , J. M. Nelson , L. V. Nogach , S. Y. Noh , J. Novak , S. B. Nurushev , G. Odyniec , A. Ogawa , K. Oh , A. Ohlson , V. Okorokov , E. W. Oldag , R. A. N. Oliveira , M. Pachr , B. S. Page , S. K. Pal , Y. X. Pan , Y. Pandit , Y. Panebratsev , T. Pawlak , B. Pawlik , H. Pei , C. Perkins , W. Peryt , A. Peterson , P. Pile , M. Planinic , J. Pluta , D. Plyku , N. Poljak , J. Porter , A. M. Poskanzer , N. K. Pruthi , M. Przybycien , P. R. Pujahari , H. Qiu , A. Quintero , S. Ramachandran , R. Raniwala , S. Raniwala , R. L. Ray , C. K. Riley , H. G. Ritter , J. B. Roberts , O. V. Rogachevskiy , J. L. Romero , J. F. Ross , A. Roy , L. Ruan , J. Rusnak , N. R. Sahoo , P. K. Sahu , I. Sakrejda , S. Salur , A. Sandacz , J. Sandweiss , E. Sangaline , A. Sarkar , J. Schambach , R. P. Scharenberg , A. M. Schmah , W. B. Schmidke , N. Schmitz , J. Seger , P. Seyboth , N. Shah , E. Shahaliev , P. V. Shanmuganathan , M. Shao , B. Sharma , W. Q. Shen , S. S. Shi , Q. Y. Shou , E. P. Sichtermann , R. N. Singaraju , M. J. Skoby , D. Smirnov , N. Smirnov , D. Solanki , P. Sorensen , U. G. deSouza , H. M. Spinka , B. Srivastava , T. D. S. Stanislaus , J. R. Stevens , R. Stock , M. Strikhanov , B. Stringfellow , A. A. P. Suaide , M. Sumbera , X. Sun , X. M. Sun , Y. Sun , Z. Sun , B. Surrow , D. N. Svirida , T. J. M. Symons , A. Szanto de Toledo , J. Takahashi , A. H. Tang , Z. Tang , T. Tarnowsky , J. H. Thomas , A. R. Timmins , D. Tlusty , M. Tokarev , S. Trentalange , R. E. Tribble , P. Tribedy , B. A. Trzeciak , O. D. Tsai , J. Turnau , T. Ullrich , D. G. Underwood , G. Van Buren , G. van Nieuwenhuizen , J. A. Vanfossen, , R. Varma , G. M. S. Vasconcelos , A. N. Vasiliev , R. Vertesi , F. Videbæk , Y. P. Viyogi , S. Vokal , A. Vossen , M. Wada , M. Walker , F. Wang , G. Wang , H. Wang , J. S. Wang , X. L. Wang , Y. Wang , Y. Wang , G. Webb , J. C. Webb , G. D. Westfall , H. Wieman , S. W. Wissink , R. Witt , Y. F. Wu , Z. Xiao , W. Xie , K. Xin , H. Xu , N. Xu , Q. H. Xu , Y. Xu , Z. Xu , W. Yan , C. Yang , Y. Yang , Y. Yang , Z. Ye , P. Yepes , L. Yi , K. Yip , I-K. Yoo , Y. Zawisza , H. Zbroszczyk , W. Zha , J. B. Zhang , S. Zhang , X. P. Zhang , Y. Zhang , Z. P. Zhang , F. Zhao , J. Zhao , C. Zhong , X. Zhu , Y. H. Zhu , Y. Zoulkarneeva , M. Zyzak
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