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The no-signalling principle is a fundamental assumption in Bell-inequality and quantum-steering experiments. Nonetheless, experimental imperfections can lead to apparent violations beyond those expected from finite-sample statistics. Here,…

We present here a classical optics device based on an imaging architecture as analogy of a quantum system where the violation of the Bell inequality can be evidenced. In our case, the two qbits entangled state needed to obtain non classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-04-22 M. Goldin , D. Francisco , S. Ledesma

The characterization of a quantum system can be complicated by non-ideal measurement processes. In many systems, the underlying physical measurement is only sensitive to a single fixed state, complementary outcomes are inferred by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-24 Kaila C. S. Hall , Daniel K. L. Oi

Violation of local realism via Bell inequality - a profound and counterintuitive manifestation of quantum theory that conflicts with the prediction of local realism - is viewed to be intimately linked with quantum entanglement. Experimental…

We discuss the recently observed "loophole free" violation of Bell's inequalities in the framework of a physically realist view of quantum mechanics, which requires that physical properties are attributed jointly to a system, and to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-04 Alexia Auffèves , Philippe Grangier

This short article concentrates on the conceptual aspects of the violation of Bell inequalities, and acts as a map to the 265 cited references. The article outlines (a) relevant characteristics of quantum mechanics, such as statistical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-29 Brian Drummond

Contrary to counterfactual definiteness quantum theory teaches us that measuring instruments are not passively reading predetermined values of physical observables. Counterfactual definiteness allows proving Bell inequalities. If the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-28 Marian Kupczynski

With Bell's inequalities one has a formal expression to show how essentially all local theories of natural phenomena that are formulated within the framework of realism may be tested using a simple experimental arrangement. For the case of…

General Physics · Physics 2017-03-30 Thomas Schürmann

The strength of classical correlations is subject to certain constraints, commonly known as Bell inequalities. Violation of these inequalities is the manifestation of nonlocality---displayed, in particular, by quantum mechanics, meaning…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-18 R. Augusiak , J. Stasińska , C. Hadley , J. K. Korbicz , M. Lewenstein , A. Acín

We present new bell inequalities for arbitrary dimensional bipartite quantum systems. The maximal violation of the inequalities is computed. The Bell inequality is capable of detecting quantum entanglement of both pure and mixed quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-27 Ming Li , Shao-Ming Fei , Xianqing Li-Jost

We explore the challenges posed by the violation of Bell-like inequalities by $d$-dimensional systems exposed to imperfect state-preparation and measurement settings. We address, in particular, the limit of high-dimensional systems,…

Since Bell's theorem, it is known that the concept of local realism fails to explain quantum phenomena. Indeed, the violation of a Bell inequality has become a synonym of the incompatibility of quantum theory with our classical notion of…

The empirical proof of Bell inequality violations was a landmark moment for research into quantum foundations. It commits us to a universe without strict relativistic locality or requires that we escape through a potential loophole like…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 Geoff Beck

We report the measurement of a Bell inequality violation with a single atom and a single photon prepared in a probabilistic entangled state. This is the first demonstration of such a violation with particles of different species. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-12-03 D. L. Moehring , M. J. Madsen , B. B. Blinov , C. Monroe

Inferring causal relations from experimental observations is of primal importance in science. Instrumental tests provide an essential tool for that aim, as they allow one to estimate causal dependencies even in the presence of unobserved…

Bounds on quantum probabilities and expectation values are derived for experimental setups associated with Bell-type inequalities. In analogy to the classical bounds, the quantum limits are experimentally testable and therefore serve as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Stefan Filipp , Karl Svozil

Bell inequality is a mathematical inequality derived using the assumptions of locality and realism. Its violation guarantees the existence of quantum correlations in a quantum state. Bell inequality acts as an entanglement witness in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-07-29 Kaifeng Bu , Asutosh Kumar , Junde Wu

We remind the viewpoint that violation of Bell's inequality might be interpreted not only as an evidence of the alternative -- either nonlocality or ``death of reality'' (under the assumption the quantum mechanics is incomplete). Violation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-08-03 Andrei Khrennikov

Certifying maximal quantum randomness without assumptions about system dimension remains a pivotal challenge for secure communication and foundational studies. Here, we introduce a generalized framework to directly certify maximal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-15 Tianqi Zheng , Yi Li , Yu Xiang , Qiongyi He

Bell's theorem shows that no hidden-variable model can explain the measurement statistics of a quantum system shared between two parties, thus ruling out a classical (local) understanding of nature. In this work we demonstrate that by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-14 Benjamin Morris , Lukas J. Fiderer , Ben Lang , Daniel Goldwater