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Fluctuation Theorems are central in stochastic thermodynamics, as they allow for quantifying the irreversibility of single trajectories. Although they have been experimentally checked in the classical regime, a practical demonstration in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-27 C. Elouard , N. K. Bernardes , A. R. R. Carvalho , M. F. Santos , A. Auffèves

Fluctuation theorems impose constraints on the probability of observing negative entropy production in small systems driven out of equilibrium. The range of validity of fluctuation theorems has been extensively tested for transitions…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-04-21 Léo Granger , Jumna Mehlis , Édgar Roldán , Sergio Ciliberto , Holger Kantz

A fluctuation theorem is proved for the macroscopic currents of a system in a nonequilibrium steady state, by using Schnakenberg network theory. The theorem can be applied, in particular, in reaction systems where the affinities or…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-25 David Andrieux , Pierre Gaspard

A fluctuation theorem is examined for the first-passage time of a biomolecular machine (e.g., a motor protein or an enzyme) in a nonequilibrium steady-state. For such machines in which the driven, observable process is coupled to a hidden…

Biological Physics · Physics 2025-09-15 D. Evan Piephoff , Jianshu Cao

A quantum dot is a sub-micron-scale conducting device containing up to several thousand electrons. Transport through a quantum dot at low temperatures is a quantum-coherent process. This review focuses on dots in which the electron's…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 Y. Alhassid

The distribution of waiting times between successive tunneling events is an already established method to characterize current fluctuations in mesoscopic systems. Here, I investigate mechanisms generating correlations between subsequent…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2017-01-23 Krzysztof Ptaszynski

The response of thermodynamic systems perturbed out of an equilibrium steady-state is described by the reciprocal and the fluctuation-dissipation relations. The so-called fluctuation theorems extended the study of fluctuations far beyond…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-02-21 Matteo Polettini , Massimiliano Esposito

We study the full-counting statistics of charges transmitted through a single-level quantum dot weakly coupled to a local Einstein phonon which causes fluctuations in the dot energy. An analytic expression for the cumulant generating…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2013-03-12 Y. Utsumi , O. Entin-Wohlman , A. Ueda , A. Aharony

In analogy with quantum optics, short time correlations of the current fluctuations are used to characterize an on-demand electron source consisting of a quantum dot connected to a conductor via a tunable tunnel barrier. We observe a new…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-05-18 A. Mahé , F. D. Parmentier , E. Bocquillon , J. -M. Berroir , D. C. Glattli , T. Kontos , B. Plaçais , G. Fève , A. Cavanna , Y. Jin

Understanding the physics of nonequilibrium systems remains as one of the major challenges of theoretical physics. This problem can be cracked in part by investigating the macroscopic fluctuations of the currents characterizing…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-03-18 Pablo I. Hurtado , Carlos P. Espigares , Jesus J. del Pozo , Pedro L. Garrido

The fluctuation-dissipation theorem is a fundamental result in statistical physics that establishes a connection between the response of a system subject to a perturbation and the fluctuations associated with observables in equilibrium.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-03 Tanmoy Biswas , A. de Oliveira Junior , Michał Horodecki , Kamil Korzekwa

We study the nonequilibrium properties of an electronic circuit composed of a double quantum dot (DQD) channel coupled to a quantum point contact (QPC) within the framework of stochastic thermodynamics. We show that the transition rates…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-10-28 Gregory Bulnes Cuetara , Massimiliano Esposito

In this paper, we extend the fluctuation theorems used for quantum channels to multitime processes. The fluctuation theorems for quantum channels are less restrictive. We show that the given entropy production can be equal to the result of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-30 Zhiqiang Huang

It is shown that quantum fluctuation theorems remain unaffected if measurements of any kind and number of observables are performed during the action of a force protocol. That is, although the backward and forward probabilities entering the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2010-09-29 Michele Campisi , Peter Talkner , Peter Hänggi

The fluctuation theorem is a pivotal result of statistical physics. It quantifies the probability of observing fluctuations which are in violation of the second law of thermodynamics. More specifically, it quantifies the ratio of the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2011-08-26 M. Belushkin , R. Livi , G. Foffi

The fluctuation theorem establishes general relations between transport coefficients and fluctuations in nonequilibrium systems. Recently there was much interest in quantum fluctuation relations for electric currents. Since charge carriers…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-08-07 Chenjie Wang , D. E. Feldman

We have measured the full counting statistics (FCS) of current fluctuations in a semiconductor quantum dot (QD) by real-time detection of single electron tunneling with a quantum point contact (QPC). This method gives direct access to the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 S. Gustavsson , R. Leturcq , B. Simovic , R. Schleser , T. Ihn , P. Studerus , K. Ensslin , D. C. Driscoll , A. C. Gossard

Of indisputable relevance for non-equilibrium thermodynamics, fluctuations theorems have been generalized to the framework of quantum thermodynamics, with the notion of work playing a key role in such contexts. The typical approach consists…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-28 Thales Augusto Barbosa Pinto Silva , Renato Moreira Angelo

We analyze the real-time dynamics of a quantum two-state system in the presence of nonequilibrium quantum fluctuations. The latter are generated by a coupling of the two-state system to a single electronic level of a quantum dot which…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2016-12-20 Niklas Mann , Jochen Brüggemann , Michael Thorwart

We calculate the counting statistics of electron transfer through an open quantum dot with charging interaction. A dot that is connected to leads by two single-channel quantum point contacts in an in-plane magnetic field is described by a…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Markus Kindermann , Bjoern Trauzettel