Related papers: Muons in EAS with E>=10^17eV according to the data…
Ground-based cosmic ray experiments detect cosmic ray mainly by measuring the longitudinal and lateral distribution of secondary particles produced in the extensive air shower (EAS). The EAS of cosmic ray in the knee energy region is…
The evolution of the muon content of very high energy air showers (EAS) in the atmosphere is investigated with data of the KASCADE-Grande observatory. For this purpose, the muon attenuation length in the atmosphere is obtained to…
In this work we compare the predictions of two representative hadronic interaction models, EPOS 1.99, and QGSJET II-03 with several extensive air showers (EAS) parameters for proton and iron primaries in the energy range $10^{17}$ -…
The cosmic ray primary composition in the energy range between 10**15 and 10**16 eV, i.e., around the "knee" of the primary spectrum, has been studied through the combined measurements of the EAS-TOP air shower array (2005 m a.s.l., 10**5…
Lateral distributions for electrons and muons in extensive air showers measured with the array of the KASCADE experiment are compared to results of simulations based on the high-energy hadronic interaction models QGSJet and SIBYLL. It is…
We report on an analysis of the high-energy muon component in near-vertical extensive air showers detected by the surface array IceTop in coincidence with the in-ice array of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. In the coincidence measurement,…
Over the last two decades, various experiments have measured muon densities in extensive air showers over several orders of magnitude in primary energy. While some experiments observed differences in the muon densities between simulated and…
The lateral distribution function of high energy muons in EAS around the knee ($5.9\le \lg N_e \le 7.1$) has been measured for near vertical showers ($\theta \le 20^{\circ}$, effective muon threshold energy is 230 GeV). The measurements…
We have studied how the energy spectrum of muons at production affects some of the most common measurements related to muons in extensive air shower studies, namely, the number of muons at the ground, the slope of the lateral distribution…
An interpretation of AGASA (Akeno Giant Air Shower Array) data by comparing the experimental results with the simulated ones by CORSIKA (COsmic Ray SImulation for KASCADE) has been made. General features of the electromagnetic component and…
New developments in detector technology allow for a realistic cost of large area surface detectors for cosmic ray air showers, with some limitations on particle identification, energy resolutions, directional information and dynamic range.…
We present a meta-analysis of recent muon density measurements made by eight air shower experiments which cover shower energies ranging from PeV to tens of EeV regarding the muon puzzle in extensive air showers. Some experimental analyses…
Measurements of electron, muon, and hadron lateral distributions of extensive air showers as recorded by the KASCADE experiment are presented. The data cover the energy range from about 5x10^14 eV up to almost 10^17 eV and extend from the…
Muon component of extensive air showers (EAS) initiated by cosmic ray particles carries information on the primary particle identity. We show that the muon content of EAS could be measured in a broad energy range from 10-100 TeV up to…
The production of very high energy muons inside an extensive air shower is observable at $\nu$ telescopes and sensitive to the composition of the primary cosmic ray. Here we discuss five different sources of these muons: pion and kaon…
Using the large hadron calorimeter of the KASCADE experiment, hadronic cores of extensive air showers have been studied. The hadron lateral and energy distributions have been investigated in order to study the reliability of the shower…
The paper describes lateral density distributions of electrons and muons of cosmic ray extensive air showers (EAS) in the energy regime of the KASCADE experiment. Potential EAS observables are extracted while some suitable lateral…
The muon charge ratio of the lateral muon density distributions in single EAS is studied by simulations, in context of recent proposals to measure this observable in coincidence with EAS observations. While effects of the hadronic…
The two most powerful extensive air showers (EAS) with energies of about $10^{20}$ eV, registered at the Yakutsk EAS array during the entire observation period of 1974-2024, are considered. Both showers hit the array near the center and…
We present a measurement of the mean number of muons with energies larger than 500 GeV in near-vertical extensive air showers initiated by cosmic rays with primary energies between 2.5 PeV and 100 PeV. The measurement is based on events…