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We review machine learning methods employing positive definite kernels. These methods formulate learning and estimation problems in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) of functions defined on the data domain, expanded in terms of a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-09-29 Thomas Hofmann , Bernhard Schölkopf , Alexander J. Smola

Reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces are elucidated without assuming prior familiarity with Hilbert spaces. Compared with extant pedagogic material, greater care is placed on motivating the definition of reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces and…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2015-11-06 Jonathan H. Manton , Pierre-Olivier Amblard

We study generalization properties of distributed algorithms in the setting of nonparametric regression over a reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS). We first investigate distributed stochastic gradient methods (SGM), with mini-batches…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-11-06 Junhong Lin , Volkan Cevher

We consider an incremental approximation method for solving variational problems in infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces, where in each step a randomly and independently selected subproblem from an infinite collection of subproblems is…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2018-03-06 Michael Griebel , Peter Oswald

Tasks such as social network analysis, human behavior recognition, or modeling biochemical reactions, can be solved elegantly by using the probabilistic inference framework. However, standard probabilistic inference algorithms work at a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-12-11 Stefan Lüdtke , Max Schröder , Frank Krüger , Sebastian Bader , Thomas Kirste

It is known that the membership in a given reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) of the samples of a Gaussian process $X$ is controlled by a certain nuclear dominance condition. However, it is less clear how to identify a "small" set of…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-03-16 Toni Karvonen

Representations are at the core of all deep reinforcement learning (RL) methods for both Markov decision processes (MDPs) and partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs). Many representation learning methods and theoretical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Tianwei Ni , Benjamin Eysenbach , Erfan Seyedsalehi , Michel Ma , Clement Gehring , Aditya Mahajan , Pierre-Luc Bacon

Traditionally, kernel methods rely on the representer theorem which states that the solution to a learning problem is obtained as a linear combination of the data mapped into the reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS). While elegant from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-30 Riikka Huusari , Sahely Bhadra , Cécile Capponi , Hachem Kadri , Juho Rousu

It is proven that encoding images and videos through Symmetric Positive Definite (SPD) matrices, and considering the Riemannian geometry of the resulting space, can lead to increased classification performance. Taking into account manifold…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-03-16 Azadeh Alavi , Vishal M Patel , Rama Chellappa

Reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHSs) are special Hilbert spaces in one-to-one correspondence with positive definite maps called kernels. They are widely employed in machine learning to reconstruct unknown functions from sparse and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-03 Mauro Bisiacco , Gianluigi Pillonetto

Supervised dimensionality reduction strategies have been of great interest. However, current supervised dimensionality reduction approaches are difficult to scale for situations characterized by large datasets given the high computational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-09 Amir-Hossein Karimi , Alexander Wong , Ali Ghodsi

Representation learning plays a central role in structuring internal embeddings to capture the statistical properties of language, influencing the coherence and contextual consistency of generated text. Statistical Coherence Alignment is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Jonathan Gale , Godfrey Aldington , Harriet Thistlewood , Thomas Tattershall , Basil Wentworth , Vincent Enoasmo

This paper studies convergence of empirical risks in reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHS). A conventional assumption in the existing research is that empirical training data do not contain any noise but this may not be satisfied in some…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-05-19 Shaoyan Guo , Huifu Xu , Liwei Zhang

Self-supervised representation learning~(SSRL) has advanced considerably by exploiting the transformation invariance assumption under artificially designed data augmentations. While augmentation-based SSRL algorithms push the boundaries of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Yi Sui , Tongzi Wu , Jesse C. Cresswell , Ga Wu , George Stein , Xiao Shi Huang , Xiaochen Zhang , Maksims Volkovs

Knowledge Tracing (KT) models students' knowledge states based on learning interactions to predict performance. While deep learning-based KT models have boosted predictive accuracy, most models rely on deterministic vector embeddings and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Siyu Wu , Cong Xu , Wei Zhang

Stochastic models share many characteristics with generic parametric models. In some ways they can be regarded as a special case. But for stochastic models there is a notion of weak distribution or generalised random variable, and the same…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2018-09-05 Hermann G. Matthies

Tree structured graphical models are powerful at expressing long range or hierarchical dependency among many variables, and have been widely applied in different areas of computer science and statistics. However, existing methods for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-01-17 Le Song , Han Liu , Ankur Parikh , Eric Xing

Symmetric objects are common in daily life and industry, yet their inherent orientation ambiguities that impede the training of deep learning networks for pose estimation are rarely discussed in the literature. To cope with these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Andreas Kriegler , Csaba Beleznai , Margrit Gelautz

Hidden semi-Markov models (HSMMs) are latent variable models which allow latent state persistence and can be viewed as a generalization of the popular hidden Markov models (HMMs). In this paper, we introduce a novel spectral algorithm to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-03-01 Igor Melnyk , Arindam Banerjee

This paper introduces a novel approach to probabilistic deep learning, kernel density matrices, which provide a simpler yet effective mechanism for representing joint probability distributions of both continuous and discrete random…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Fabio A. González , Raúl Ramos-Pollán , Joseph A. Gallego-Mejia