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The recent LIGO detection of gravitational waves from black-hole binaries offers the exciting possibility of testing gravitational theories in the previously inaccessible strong-field, highly relativistic regime. While the LIGO detections…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-03-17 Enrico Barausse

Gravitational wave echos from the coalescence of black hole binaries are often viewed as signals beyond general relativity or standard model. In this work, we show that these echos are inevitable in the black holes coalescence described by…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-13 Yu-Song Cao , YanXia Liu , Ding-Fang Zeng

If a gravitational wave event is lensed by a cluster or galaxy in our line-of-sight, it is expected that its host galaxy would also be lensed. Therefore, connecting lensed gravitational wave events even without direct optical counterpart…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-11 Laura Uronen , Tian Li , Justin Janquart , Hemanta Phurailatpam , Jason Poon , Thomas Collett , Leon Koopmans , Otto Hannuksela

We consider the scattering of the gravitational waves by the weak gravitational fields of lens objects. We obtain the scattered gravitational waveform by treating the gravitational potential of the lens to first order, i.e. using the Born…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Ryuichi Takahashi , Teruaki Suyama , Shugo Michikoshi

It is presented a brief review on gravitational waves (GWs). It is shown how the wave equation is obtained from Einstein's equations and how many and how are the polarization modes of these waves. It is discussed the reasons why GWs sources…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2013-05-14 J. C. N. de Araujo

The upcoming detection of gravitational waves by terrestrial interferometers will usher in the era of gravitational-wave astronomy. This will be particularly true when space-based detectors will come of age and measure the mass and spin of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 Enrico Barausse , Vitor Cardoso , Paolo Pani

Gravitational-wave (GW) scattering in strong gravitational fields is a central problem in GW lensing. Yet, conventional treatments based on asymptotic expansions suffer from divergences and become unreliable near the optical axis. In this…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-01 Zhao Li , Shaoqi Hou , Wen Zhao

Is the graviton massless? This problem was addressed in the literature at a phenomenological level, using modified dispersion relations for gravitational waves, in linearized calculations around flat space. Here, we perform a detailed…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-12-26 Vitor Cardoso , Gonçalo Castro , Andrea Maselli

The gravitational wave window onto the universe is expected to open in ~ 5 years, when ground-based detectors make the first detections in the high-frequency regime. Gravitational waves are ripples in spacetime produced by the motions of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-30 Joan Centrella

This paper reviews gravitational wave sources and their detection. One of the most exciting potential sources of gravitational waves are coalescing binary black hole systems. They can occur on all mass scales and be formed in numerous ways,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-02-19 Hyung Mok Lee , Eric-Olivier Le Bigot , ZhiHui Du , ZhangXi Lin , XiangYu Guo , LinQing Wen , Khun Sang Phukon , Vihan Pandey , Sukanta Bose , Xi-Long Fan , Martin Hendry

A summary is given of the current status and plans for gravitational-wave searches at all plausible wavelengths, from the size of the observable universe to a few kilometers. The anticipated scientific payoff from these searches is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-09-25 Kip S. Thorne

A rather clear problem has remained in black hole physics: localizing black holes. One of the recent theoretical ways proposed to identify black hole mergers' hosts is through multi-messenger gravitational lensing: matching the properties…

Astronomical observations in the electromagnetic window - microwave, radio and optical - have revealed that most of the Universe is dark. The only reason we know that dark matter exists is because of its gravitational influence on luminous…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 B. S. Sathyaprakash

The recent observation of gravitational waves confirms one of the most interesting predictions in general relativity: the black holes. Because the gravitational waves detected by LIGO fit very well within general relativity as a phenomenon…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-03-07 J. C. S. Neves

The light deflection under a strong gravitational field, referred to as strong gravitational lensing, provides a powerful probe of spacetime geometry. Besides, laboratory analogue models are employed to study the effects of curved spacetime…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-06 Suting Ju , Jingxuan Zhang , Li-Gang Wang

Using black hole perturbation theory, we calculate the gravitational waves produced by test particles moving on bound geodesic orbits about rotating black holes. The orbits we consider are generic - simultaneously eccentric and inclined.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Steve Drasco , Scott A. Hughes

Gravitational lensing in wave optics is a rich field combining caustic singularities, general relativity and interference phenomena. We present a detailed evaluation of wave optics effects resulting from the frame-dragging of a rotating…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-10-08 Béatrice Bonga , Job Feldbrugge , Ariadna Ribes Metidieri

We study gravitational lensing of light by hairy black holes, which, in a certain parameter regime, can possess two photon spheres of different size outside the event horizon. In particular, we focus on higher-order images of a point-like…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-07-13 Guangzhou Guo , Xin Jiang , Peng Wang , Houwen Wu

The past decade has transformed our ability to observe the Universe. Via gravitational waves, merging black holes and neutron stars can now be directly detected, offering unprecedented opportunities to test General Relativity and explore…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-24 Thomas F. M. Spieksma

We study gravitational lensing of neutrinos in a Kaluza-Klein black hole spacetime and compare the oscillation probabilities of neutrinos with the case of lensing by black holes in General Relativity. We show that measuring neutrino…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-08-17 Hrishikesh Chakrabarty , Auttakit Chatrabhuti , Daniele Malafarina , Bhuddhanubhap Silasan , Takol Tangphati