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The synthesis problem of a cyber-physical system (CPS) is to find an input signal under which the system's behavior satisfies a given specification. Our setting is that the specification is a formula of signal temporal logic, and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-11 Sota Sato , Masaki Waga , Ichiro Hasuo

Constraint satisfaction problems (or CSPs) have been extensively studied in, for instance, artificial intelligence, database theory, graph theory, and statistical physics. From a practical viewpoint, it is beneficial to approximately solve…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2012-10-17 Tomoyuki Yamakami

The Constraint-satisfaction problem (CSP) is fundamental in mathematics, physics, and theoretical computer science. Continuous local search (CLS) solvers, as recent advancements, can achieve highly competitive results on certain classes of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Yunuo Cen , Zixuan Wang , Jintao Zhang , Zhiwei Zhang , Xuanyao Fong

The Promise Constraint Satisfaction Problem (PCSP for short) is a generalization of the well-studied Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP). The PCSP has its roots in such classic problems as the Approximate Graph Coloring and the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Arash Beikmohammadi , Andrei A. Bulatov

In this paper, we attempt to explore the landscape of two-dimensional conformal field theories (2d CFTs) by efficiently searching for numerical solutions to the modular bootstrap equation using machine-learning-style optimization. The torus…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-05 Nathan Benjamin , A. Liam Fitzpatrick , Wei Li , Jesse Thaler

Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs) form a broad class of combinatorial problems, which can be formulated as homomorphism problems between relational structures. The CSP dichotomy theorem classifies all such problems over finite domains…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-08-04 Azza Gaysin

We prove a complexity dichotomy theorem for all non-negative weighted counting Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSP). This caps a long series of important results on counting problems including unweighted and weighted graph homomorphisms…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2010-12-30 Jin-Yi Cai , Xi Chen , Pinyan Lu

Modern conflict-driven clause learning (CDCL) SAT solvers are very good in solving conjunctive normal form (CNF) formulas. However, some application problems involve lots of parity (xor) constraints which are not necessarily efficiently…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-07-25 Tero Laitinen , Tommi Junttila , Ilkka Niemelä

The Circuit Satisfiability (CSAT) problem, a variant of the Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) problem, plays a critical role in integrated circuit design and verification. However, existing SAT solvers, optimized for Conjunctive Normal Form…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Zhengyuan Shi , Tiebing Tang , Jiaying Zhu , Sadaf Khan , Hui-Ling Zhen , Mingxuan Yuan , Zhufei Chu , Qiang Xu

Many natural combinatorial problems can be expressed as constraint satisfaction problems. This class of problems is known to be NP-complete in general, but certain restrictions on the form of the constraints can ensure tractability. The…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-10-05 Dmitriy Zhuk

We introduce an approach that aims to combine the usage of satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) solvers with the Combinatory Logic Synthesizer (CL)S framework. (CL)S is a tool for the automatic composition of software components from a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-08-27 Fadil Kallat , Tristan Schäfer , Anna Vasileva

The Boolean satisfiability problem (SAT) holds a central place in computational complexity theory as the first shown NP-complete problem. Due to this role, SAT is often used as the benchmark for polynomial-time reductions: if a problem can…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Yumiko Nishiyama

The Conflict-Driven Cylindrical Algebraic Covering algorithm has proven well suited for performing theory validation checks in the satisfiability modulo theories paradigm for non-linear real arithmetic. CDCAC repurposes the theory…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Abiola Babatunde , Matthew England , AmirHosein Sadeghimanesh

This letter introduces a real valued summation known as Complex Conjugate Pair Sum (CCPS). The space spanned by CCPS and its one circular downshift is called {\em Complex Conjugate Subspace (CCS)}. For a given positive integer $N\geq3$,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-22 Shaik Basheeruddin Shah , Vijay Kumar Chakka , Arikatla Satyanarayana Reddy

We intend to create new concepts aimed at finding necessary and sufficient conditions for Boolean satisfiability so that these conditions can be verified in polynomial time. Based on these conditions it will be possible to create an…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Stepan Margaryan

The one of the most interesting problem of discrete mathematics is the SAT (satisfiability) problem. Good way in SAT solver developing is to transform the SAT problem to the problem of continuous search of global minimums of the functional…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2009-07-13 R. T. Faizullin , I. G. Khnykin , V. I. Dylkeyt

Numerical global optimization methods are often very time consuming and could not be applied for high-dimensional nonconvex/nonsmooth optimization problems. Due to the nonconvexity/nonsmoothness, directly solving the primal problems…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2012-09-03 Jiapu Zhang

A wide range of problems can be modelled as constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs), that is, a set of constraints that must be satisfied simultaneously. Constraints can either be represented extensionally, by explicitly listing allowed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-02-10 Evgenij Thorstensen

Cylindrical Algebraic Decomposition (CAD) has long been one of the most important algorithms within Symbolic Computation, as a tool to perform quantifier elimination in first order logic over the reals. More recently it is finding…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2020-03-23 Matthew England , Russell Bradford , James H. Davenport

This paper describes a new approach on optimization of constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) by means of substituting sub-CSPs with locally consistent regular membership constraints. The purpose of this approach is to reduce the number of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-08-19 Sven Löffler , Ke Liu , Petra Hofstedt