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We propose a new formalism of quantum subsystems which allows to unify the existing and new methods of reduced description of quantum systems. The main mathematical ingredients are completely positive maps and correlation functions. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 R. Alicki , M. Fannes , M. Pogorzelska

Quantum error correction (QEC) for generic errors is challenging due to the demanding threshold and resource requirements. Interestingly, when physical noise is biased, we can tailor our QEC schemes to the noise to improve performance. Here…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-30 Qian Xu , Nam Mannucci , Alireza Seif , Aleksander Kubica , Steven T. Flammia , Liang Jiang

We investigate stabilizer codes with carrier qudits of equal dimension $D$, an arbitrary integer greater than 1. We prove that there is a direct relation between the dimension of a qudit stabilizer code and the size of its corresponding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-17 Vlad Gheorghiu

Quantum error correction is indispensable to achieving reliable quantum computation. When quantum information is encoded redundantly, a larger Hilbert space is constructed using multiple physical qubits, and the computation is performed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-29 Hoshitaro Ohnishi , Hideo Mukai

Quantum error-correcting codes, such as subspace, subsystem, and Floquet codes, are typically constructed within the stabilizer formalism, which does not fully capture the idea of fault-tolerance needed for practical quantum computing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-12 Peter-Jan H. S. Derks , Alex Townsend-Teague , Ansgar G. Burchards , Jens Eisert

We introduce a new "positive formalism" for encoding quantum theories in the general boundary formulation, somewhat analogous to the mixed state formalism of the standard formulation. This makes the probability interpretation more natural…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-10-14 Robert Oeckl

The Pauli stabilizer formalism is perhaps the most thoroughly studied means of procuring quantum error-correcting codes, whereby the code is obtained through commutative Pauli operators and ``stabilized'' by them. In this work we will show…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-04 Jhih-Yuan Kao , Hsi-Sheng Goan

The stabiliser fragment of quantum theory is a foundational building block for quantum error correction and the fault-tolerant compilation of quantum programs. In this article, we develop a sound, universal and complete denotational…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Robert I. Booth , Cole Comfort

Divisible codes are defined by the property that codeword weights share a common divisor greater than one. They are used to design signals for communications and sensing, and this paper explores how they can be used to protect quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-29 Jingzhen Hu , Qingzhong Liang , Robert Calderbank

We introduce a class of cyclic quantum codes, basing the construction not on the simplicity of the stabilizers, but rather on the simplicity of preparation of a code state (at least in the absence of noise). We show how certain known codes,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-21 Matthew B. Hastings

We introduce a stabilizer formalism for EAQECCs with noise ebits, using special subgroups of product groups of two Pauli groups. This formalism includes the two coding schemes,given by Lai and Brun (C.Y. Lai and T. A. Brun, PHYSICAL REVIEW…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-23 Ruihu Li , Guanmin Guo , Yang Liu , Hao Song

While stabilizer tableaus have proven exceptionally useful as a descriptive tool for additive quantum codes, they offer little guidance for concrete constructions or coding algorithm analysis. We introduce a representation of stabilizer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-31 Andrey Boris Khesin

The dynamical-algebraic structure underlying all the schemes for quantum information stabilization is argued to be fully contained in the reducibility of the operator algebra describing the interaction with the environment of the coding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Paolo Zanardi

Quantum computations are expressed in general as quantum circuits, which are specified by ordered lists of quantum gates. The resulting specifications are used during the optimisation and execution of the expressed computations. However,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-08 Alexandru Paler , Simon J. Devitt

We find a sufficient set of equations between quantum circuits from which we can derive any other equation between stabilizer quantum circuits. To establish this result, we rely upon existing work on the completeness of the graphical ZX…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-07-23 André Ranchin , Bob Coecke

Having protected quantum information is essential to perform quantum computations. One possibility is to reduce the number of particles needing to be protected from noise and instead use systems with more states, so called qudit quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-29 Lane G. Gunderman

Subsystem codes protect quantum information by encoding it in a tensor factor of a subspace of the physical state space. Subsystem codes generalize all major quantum error protection schemes, and therefore are especially versatile. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-11 Salah A. Aly , Andreas Klappenecker

We extend the stabilizer formalism to a class of non-additive quantum codes which are constructed from non-linear classical codes. As an example, we present infinite families of non-additive codes which are derived from Goethals and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-05-24 Markus Grassl , Martin Roetteler

The scheme of entanglement-assisted quantum error-correcting (EAQEC) codes assumes that the ebits of the receiver are error-free. In practical situations, errors on these ebits are unavoidable, which diminishes the error-correcting ability…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-09-26 Ching-Yi Lai , Todd A. Brun

Codeword stabilized (CWS) codes are, in general, non-additive quantum codes that can correct errors by an exhaustive search of different error patterns, similar to the way that we decode classical non-linear codes. For an n-qubit quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-05-28 Yunfan Li , Ilya Dumer , Markus Grassl , Leonid P. Pryadko
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