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This paper considers the analysis of continuous time gradient-based optimization algorithms through the lens of nonlinear contraction theory. It demonstrates that in the case of a time-invariant objective, most elementary results on…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-12-23 Patrick M. Wensing , Jean-Jacques E. Slotine

These notes derive a number of technical results on nonlinear contraction theory, a comparatively recent tool for system stability analysis. In particular, they provide new results on the preservation of contraction through system…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2007-05-23 Nicolas Tabareau , Jean-Jacques Slotine

We suggest that the tools of contraction analysis for deterministic systems can be applied towards studying the convergence behavior of stochastic dynamical systems in the Wasserstein metric. In particular, we consider the case of Ito…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-03-01 Jake Bouvrie , Jean-Jacques Slotine

We analyze gradient descent with randomly weighted data points in a linear regression model, under a generic weighting distribution. This includes various forms of stochastic gradient descent, importance sampling, but also extends to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-12 Gabriel Clara , Yazan Mash'al

This paper is motivated by the problem of quantitatively bounding the convergence of adaptive control methods for stochastic systems to a stationary distribution. Such bounds are useful for analyzing statistics of trajectories and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-10-19 Tyler Lekang , Andrew Lamperski

Nonlinear contraction theory is a comparatively recent dynamic control system design tool based on an exact differential analysis of convergence, in essence converting a nonlinear stability problem into a linear time-varying stability…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2007-05-23 Winfried Lohmiller , Jean-Jacques E. Slotine

A class of random recursive sequences (Y_n) with slowly varying variances as arising for parameters of random trees or recursive algorithms leads after normalizations to degenerate limit equations of the form X\stackrel{L}{=}X. For…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-09-07 Ralph Neininger , Ludger Ruschendorf

In almost all situation assessment problems, it is useful to dynamically contract and expand the states under consideration as assessment proceeds. Contraction is most often used to combine similar events or low probability events together…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-05 Kuo-Chu Chang , Robert Fung

This paper conducts sensitivity analysis of random constraint and variational systems related to stochastic optimization and variational inequalities. We establish efficient conditions for well-posedness, in the sense of robust Lipschitzian…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-12-13 Boris S. Mordukhovich , Pedro Pérez-Aros

Contraction theory is a mathematical framework for studying the convergence, robustness, and modularity properties of dynamical systems and algorithms. In this opinion paper, we provide five main opinions on the virtues of contraction…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-24 Alexander Davydov , Francesco Bullo

Contraction theory for dynamical systems on Euclidean spaces is well-established. For contractive (resp. semi-contractive) systems, the distance (resp. semi-distance) between any two trajectories decreases exponentially fast. For partially…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-06-07 Pedro Cisneros-Velarde , Saber Jafarpour , Francesco Bullo

In this paper, we propose a new approach to design globally convergent reduced-order observers for nonlinear control systems via contraction analysis and convex optimization. Despite the fact that contraction is a concept naturally suitable…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-08-17 Bowen Yi , Ruigang Wang , Ian R. Manchester

In this note, we provide an overarching analysis of primal-dual dynamics associated to linear equality-constrained optimization problems using contraction analysis. For the well-known standard version of the problem: we establish…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-22 Pedro Cisneros-Velarde , Saber Jafarpour , Francesco Bullo

Contraction theory is a powerful tool for proving asymptotic properties of nonlinear dynamical systems including convergence to an attractor and entrainment to a periodic excitation. We consider three generalizations of contraction with…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2015-06-23 Michael Margaliot , Eduardo D. Sontag , Tamir Tuller

This paper analyzes the contraction of the primal-dual gradient optimization via contraction theory in the context of discrete-time updating dynamics. The contraction theory based on Riemannian manifolds is first established for convergence…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-07-25 Yanxu Su , Yang Shi , Changyin Sun

We study necessary and sufficient conditions for contraction and incremental stability of dynamical systems with respect to non-Euclidean norms. First, we introduce weak pairings as a framework to study contractivity with respect to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-08-02 Alexander Davydov , Saber Jafarpour , Francesco Bullo

Infinitesimal contraction analysis, wherein global asymptotic convergence results are obtained from local dynamical properties, has proven to be a powerful tool for applications in biological, mechanical, and transportation systems. Thus…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2018-04-12 Samuel A Burden , Samuel D Coogan

This paper investigates contraction properties of switched dynamical systems for the case that all modes are non-contracting, thereby extending existing results that require at least one mode to be contracting. Leveraging the property that…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-19 Edwin Baum , Zonglin Liu , Yuzhen Qin , Olaf Stursberg

The stochastic gradient descent has been widely used for solving composite optimization problems in big data analyses. Many algorithms and convergence properties have been developed. The composite functions were convex primarily and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-03-03 Takayuki Kawashima , Hironori Fujisawa

In this paper, we consider a stochastic model of incompressible non-Newtonian fluids of second grade on a bounded domain of $\mathbb{R}^2$ with multiplicative noise. We first show that the solutions to the stochastic equations of second…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-04-17 Shijie Shang