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Related papers: Abelian complexity function of the Tribonacci word

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We derive an explicit formula for the Abelian complexity of infinite words associated with quadratic Parry numbers.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-09-27 Ľubomíra Balková , Karel Břinda , Ondřej Turek

In this paper we undertake the general study of the Abelian complexity of an infinite word on a finite alphabet. We investigate both similarities and differences between the Abelian complexity and the usual subword complexity. While the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-02-26 Gwénaël Richomme , Kalle Saari , Luca Q. Zamboni

The Tribonacci sequence $\mathbb{T}$ is the fixed point of the substitution $\sigma(a,b,c)=(ab,ac,a)$. In this note, we get the explicit expressions of all squares, and then establish the tree structure of the positions of repeated squares…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2016-05-17 Yuke Huang , Zhiying Wen

We study the satisfiability problem of symbolic finite automata and decompose it into the satisfiability problem of the theory of the input characters and the monadic second-order theory of the indices of accepted words. We use our…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Rodrigo Raya

The subword complexity of a word $w$ over a finite alphabet $\mathcal{A}$ is a function that assigns for each positive integer $n$, the number of distinct subwords of length $n$ in $w$. The subword complexity of a word is a good measure of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-09-16 Hannah Vogel

We survey known results and open problems in abelian combinatorics on words. Abelian combinatorics on words is the extension to the commutative setting of the classical theory of combinatorics on words. The extension is based on…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Gabriele Fici , Svetlana Puzynina

In this paper we investigate local to global phenomena for a new family of complexity functions of infinite words indexed by $k \in \Ni \cup \{+\infty\}$ where $\Ni$ denotes the set of positive integers. Two finite words $u$ and $v$ in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-02-18 Juhani Karhumäki , Aleksi Saarela , Luca. Q. Zamboni

Given a finite alphabet $\Sigma$ and a right-infinite word $\bf w$ over $\Sigma$, we define the Lie complexity function $L_{\bf w}:\mathbb{N}\to \mathbb{N}$, whose value at $n$ is the number of conjugacy classes (under cyclic shift) of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Jason P. Bell , Jeffrey Shallit

We study the $k$-Bonacci word over the infinite alphabet $\mathbb{N}$. Since the alphabet is infinite, the usual factor complexity is infinite and does not provide any information. We therefore investigate factor occurrence statistics in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-03 Narges Ghareghani , Mehdi Golafshan , Morteza Mohammad-Noori , Pouyeh Sharifani

We revisit the question of classification of balanced circular words and focus on the case of a ternary alphabet. We propose a $3$-dimensional generalisation of the discrete approximation representation of Christoffel words. By considering…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-05-03 D. V. Bulgakova , N. Buzhinsky , Y. O. Goncharov

We survey recent results concerning the complexity of regular languages represented by their minimal deterministic finite automata. In addition to the quotient complexity of the language -- which is the number of its (left) quotients, and…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-02-17 Janusz A. Brzozowski

We relate the computational complexity of finite strings to universal representations of their underlying symmetries. First, Boolean functions are classified using the universal covering topologies of the circuits which enumerate them. A…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2011-09-20 John Scoville

Following a recent paper of Anselmo et al., we consider $m \times n$ rectangular matrices formed from the Fibonacci word, and we show that their balance properties can be solved with a finite automaton. We also generalize the result to…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-22 Jeffrey Shallit , Ingrid Vukusic

We construct automata with input(s) in Fibonacci representation (also known as Zeckendorf representation) recognizing some basic arithmetic relations and study their number of states. We also consider some basic operations on…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Delaram Moradi , Narad Rampersad , Jeffrey Shallit

The subword complexity of a finite word $w$ of length $N$ is a function which associates to each $n\le N$ the number of all distinct subwords of $w$ having the length $n$. We define the \emph{maximal complexity} C(w) as the maximum of the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2010-02-16 M-C. Anisiu , Z. Blazsik , Z. Kasa

We introduce a method for analyzing the complexity of natural language processing tasks, and for predicting the difficulty new NLP tasks. Our complexity measures are derived from the Kolmogorov complexity of a class of automata --- {\it…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2016-08-31 Wlodek Zadrozny

We study the following problem, first introduced by Dekking. Consider an infinite word x over an alphabet {0,1,...,k-1} and a semigroup homomorphism S:{0,1,...,k-1}* -> N. Let L_x denote the set of factors of x. What conditions on S and the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-07-22 Ian Kaye , Narad Rampersad

In this paper, we study the relation between periodicity of two-dimensional words and their abelian pattern complexity. A pattern $\cal{P}$ in $\mathbb{Z}^n$ is the set of all translations of some finite subset $F$ of $\mathbb{Z}^n$. An…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-12-28 Nikolai Geravker , Svetlana Puzynina

It is shown that the unique representation of positive integers in terms of tribonacci numbers and the unique representation in terms of iterated A, B and C sequences defined from the tribonacci word are equivalent. Two auxiliary…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-09-25 Wolfdieter Lang

Parikh-collinear morphisms have the property that all the Parikh vectors of the images of letters are collinear, i.e., the associated adjacency matrix has rank 1. In the conference DLT-WORDS 2023 we showed that fixed points of…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Michel Rigo , Manon Stipulanti , Markus A. Whiteland