Related papers: Thermal equilibrium in Einstein's elevator
The Casimir-Polder force is analyzed when an atom is moving at a constant velocity relative to a collection of translationally invariant macroscopic bodies with generic shapes and compositions. The interaction is described within an…
We consider rigidly rotating states in thermal equilibrium on static spherically symmetric spacetimes. Using the Maxwell-Juttner equilibrium distribution function, onstructed as a solution of the relativistic Boltzmann equation, the…
The Tolman-Ehrenfest criterion for the thermal equilibrium of a fluid at rest in a static general-relativistic geometry is generalized to scalar-tensor gravity. Surprisingly, the gravitational scalar field, which fixes the strength of the…
General relativity and its extensions including torsion identify stress energy momentum as being proportional to the Einstein tensor, thus ensuring both symmetry and conservation. Here we visualize stress energy and momentum by identifying…
Heat always flows from hotter to a colder temperature until thermal equilibrium be finally restored in agreement with the usual (zeroth, first and second) laws of thermodynamics. However, Tolman and Ehrenfest demonstrated that the relation…
Equilibrium properties of many-body systems with a large number of degrees of freedom are generally expected to be described by statistical mechanics. Such expectations are closely tied to the observation of thermalization, as manifested…
It is shown that the Unruh effect, i.e. the increase in temperature indicated by a uniformly accelerated thermometer in an inertial vacuum state of a quantum field, cannot be interpreted as the result of an exchange of heat with a…
Einstein's equations in matter are gravitational analogues of Maxwell's equations in matter, providing an effective classical description of gravitational fields. We derive Einstein's equations in matter for relativistic fluids, and use…
In contrast to recent criticism we undertake to show that the notion of Unruh temperature describes a real thermal property of the vacuum if viewed from an accelerated reference frame. We embed our investigation in a more general analysis…
The Boltzmann distribution of an ideal gas is determined by the Hamiltonian function generating single particle dynamics. Systems with higher complexity often exhibit topological constraints, which are independent of the Hamiltonian and may…
We test ideas of the recently proposed first-order thermodynamics of scalar-tensor gravity using an exact geometry sourced by a conformally coupled scalar field. We report a non-monotonic behaviour of the effective ``temperature of…
The equipartition theorem states that in equilibrium thermal energy is equally distributed among uncoupled degrees of freedom which appear quadratically in the system's Hamiltonian. However, for spatially coupled degrees of freedom --- such…
We study the non-equilibrium thermodynamics of a single particle with two available energy levels, in contact with a classical (Maxwell-Boltzmann) or quantum (Bose-Einstein) heat bath. The particle can undergo transitions between the levels…
The Tolman effect is well-known in relativistic cosmology but rarely discussed outside it. That is surprising because the effect -- that systems extended over a varying gravitational potential exhibit temperature gradients while in thermal…
This paper presents a molecular dynamics simulation of an inelastic gas, where collisions between molecules are characterized by a coefficient of restitution less than unity. The simulation employs an event-driven algorithm to efficiently…
We study the thermodynamics of Bose-Einstein condensation in a weakly interacting quasi-homogeneous atomic gas, prepared in an optical-box trap. We characterise the critical point for condensation and observe saturation of the thermal…
It is theoretically predicted that the Nernst coefficient is strongly suppressed and the thermal conductance is quantized in the quantum Hall regime of the two-dimensional electron gas. The Nernst effect is the induction of a thermomagnetic…
I demonstrate that the concept of a non-equilibrium attractor can be extended beyond the lowest-order moments typically considered in hydrodynamic treatments. Using a previously obtained exact solution to the relaxation-time approximation…
We obtain within Fokker-Planck dynamics an explicit generalization of Einstein's relation between drag, diffusion and equilibrium distribution for a spatially homogeneous system, considering both the transverse and longitudinal diffusion…
In this paper we work in the context of Teleparallelism Equivalent to General Relativity (TEGR) in order to construct the energy-momentum flux for G\"odel-type solutions of Einstein's equations. We use an stationary observer, which is…