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Random numbers represent an indispensable resource for many applications. A recent remarkable result is the realization that non-locality in quantum mechanics can be used to certify genuine randomness through Bell's theorem, producing…
Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) can provide genuine randomness based on the inherent unpredictable nature of quantum physics. The extracted randomness relies not only on the physical parts of the QRNG, such as the entropy source…
When an optical beam propagates through a turbulent medium such as the atmosphere or ocean, the beam will become distorted. It is then natural to seek the best or optimal beam that is distorted least, under some metric such as intensity or…
Random numbers are central to various applications such as secure communications, quantum key distribution theory (QKD), statistics, and other tasks. One of today's most popular generators is quantum random numbers (QRNGs). The inherent…
True random numbers are essential in various research and engineering problems. Their generation depends upon a robust physical entropy noise. Here, we present true random number generation by harnessing the conductance noise probed in…
Quantum random number generators play a vital role in securing communication and encryption. In the present work, we have produced bright twin beams using four-wave mixing in a double-{\Lambda} configuration in rubidium-85 vapor and…
The unpredictability of random numbers is fundamental to both digital security and applications that fairly distribute resources. However, existing random number generators have limitations-the generation processes cannot be fully traced,…
Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) produce random numbers based on the intrinsic probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics, making them true random number generators (TRNGs). In this paper, we design and fabricate an embedded QRNG…
Random number generation is a key technology that is useful in a variety of ways. Random numbers are often used to generate keys for data encryption. Random numbers generated at a sufficiently long length can encrypt sensitive data and make…
Information-theoretically provable unique true random numbers, which cannot be correlated or controlled by an attacker, can be generated based on quantum measurement of vacuum state and universal-hashing randomness extraction. Quantum…
Quantum Random Number Generators provide true physical randomness based on quantum processes, essential for cryptographic and scientific applications. However, practical implementations face challenges in robustness and verifiability:…
In this paper, we consider the effect of the atmospheric turbulence on the propagation of optical vertex formed from the radial coherent laser beam array, with the initially well-defined phase distribution. The propagation formula of the…
Random numbers are used in a wide range of sciences. In many applications, generating unpredictable private random numbers is indispensable. Device-independent quantum random number generation is a framework that makes use of the intrinsic…
Emerging communication and cryptography applications call for reliable, fast, unpredictable random number generators. Quantum random number generation (QRNG) allows for the creation of truly unpredictable numbers thanks to the inherent…
We present an efficient method to extract the amount of true randomness that can be obtained by a Quantum Random Number Generator (QRNG). By repeating the measurements of a quantum system and by swapping between two mutually unbiased bases,…
We experimentally demonstrate a bias-free optical quantum random number generator with real-time randomness extraction to directly output uniform distributed random numbers by measuring the vacuum fluctuation of quantum state. A phase…
We present a new method for the generation of atmospheric turbulence phase screens based on the frequency shift property of the Fourier transform. This method produces low spatial frequency distortions without additional computation time…
Random numbers are a fundamental resource in science and technology. Among the different approaches to generating them, random numbers created by exploiting the laws of quantum mechanics have proven to be reliable and can be produced at…
Quantum random number generators play a crucial role in securing high-demand information contexts by producing true random numbers. Nevertheless, the large volume and high-cost limit their widespread use. Here, we propose a system on chip…
Chaotic semiconductor lasers have been widely investigated for generating true random numbers with the merit of unpredictability relative to pseudorandom numbers generated by a computing process, especially for the lasers with external…