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We investigate (2,1):1 structures, which consist of a countable set $A$ together with a function $f: A \to A$ such that for every element $x$ in $A$, $f$ maps either exactly one element or exactly two elements of $A$ to $x$. These…

Logic · Mathematics 2017-01-06 Hakim J. Walker

A relation algebra is measurable if the identity element is a sum of atoms, and the square x;1;x of each subidentity atom x is a sum of non-zero functional elements. These functional elements form a group Gx. We prove that a measurable…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-02-12 Hajnal Andréka , Steven Givant

We present a concept of uniform encodability of theories and develop tools related to this concept. As an application we obtain general undecidability results which are uniform for large families of structures. In the way, we define…

Logic · Mathematics 2010-12-07 Hector Pasten , Thanases Pheidas , Xavier Vidaux

We define discrete generating series for arbitrary functions \( f \colon \mathbb{Z}^n \rightarrow \mathbb{C} \) and derive functional relations that these series satisfy. For linear difference equations with constant coefficients, we…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2025-05-01 Vitaly Alekseev , Tom Cuchta , Alexander Lyapin

We investigate regularity properties of generalized conjugate functions induced by a general coupling function and the associated generalized proximal mapping. Our main results provide verifiable conditions ensuring local single-valuedness,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-07 Konstantinos Oikonomidis , Emanuel Laude , Panagiotis Patrinos

The characteristic polynomial of the effective Hamiltonian for a general model has been discussed. It is found that, compared with the associated energy eigenvalues, this characteristic polynomial generally has better analytical properties…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-06-08 Yong Zheng

We look at a class of transcendental real numbers xi which, together with their square, satisfy some extremal property of simultaneous approximation by rational numbers with the same denominator. We give a sufficient condition for such a…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2013-01-07 Damien Roy

We consider the space of real-valued continuously differentiable functions on a compact subset of a euclidean space. We characterize the completeness of this space and prove that the space of restrictions of continuously differentiable…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2020-06-18 Leonhard Frerick , Laurent Loosveldt , Jochen Wengenroth

We define notions of generically and coarsely computable relations and structures and functions between structures. We investigate the existence and uniqueness of equivalence structures in the context of these definitions

Logic · Mathematics 2018-08-09 Wesley Calvert , Douglas Cenzer , Valentina Harizanov

We introduce a notion of computable randomness for infinite sequences that generalises the classical version in two important ways. First, our definition of computable randomness is associated with imprecise probability models, in the sense…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-09-23 Floris Persiau , Jasper De Bock , Gert de Cooman

In this paper, we introduce a foundation for computable model theory of rational Pavelka logic (an extension of {\L}ukasiewicz logic) and continuous logic, and prove effective versions of some theorems in model theory. We show how to reduce…

Logic · Mathematics 2010-06-14 Farzad Didehvar , Kaveh Ghasemloo , Massoud Pourmahdian

We prove that every computably enumerable (c.e.) random real is provable in Peano Arithmetic (PA) to be c.e. random. A major step in the proof is to show that the theorem stating that "a real is c.e. and random iff it is the halting…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2009-06-08 Cristian S. Calude , Nicholas J. Hay

We show that the essentially algebraic theory of generalized algebraic theories, regarded as a category with finite limits, has a universal exponentiable arrow in the sense that any exponentiable arrow in any category with finite limits is…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2022-05-03 Taichi Uemura

We prove the classical result, which goes back at least to Fourier, that a polynomial with real coefficients has all zeros real and distinct if and only if the polynomial and also all of its nonconstant derivatives have only negative minima…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2020-10-30 David W. Farmer

In a recent article, the class of functions from the integers to the integers computable in polynomial time has been characterized using discrete ordinary differential equations (ODE), also known as finite differences. Doing so, we pointed…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Manon Blanc , Olivier Bournez

In this work, we establish a representation theorem for multivariable totally symmetric functions: a multisymmetric continuous function must be the composition of a continuous function and a set of generators of the multisymmetric…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2024-12-25 Chongyao Chen , Ziang Chen , Jianfeng Lu

Counters that hold natural numbers are ubiquitous in modeling and verifying software systems; for example, they model dynamic creation and use of resources in concurrent programs. Unfortunately, such discrete counters often lead to…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-27 A. R. Balasubramanian , Matthew Hague , Rupak Majumdar , Ramanathan S. Thinniyam , Georg Zetzsche

We count the number of irreducible polynomials in several variables of a given degree over a finite field. The results are expressed in terms of a generating series, an exact formula and an asymptotic approximation. We also consider the…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2009-10-16 Arnaud Bodin

If V is a finitely generated variety such that the first-order theory of the finite members of V is decidable, we show that V is residually finite, and in fact has a finite bound on the sizes of subdirectly irreducible algebras. This result…

Logic · Mathematics 2013-11-13 Ralph McKenzie , Matthew Smedberg

In this paper we provide an identity between determinant and generalized matrix function. Also, a criterion of positive semi-definite matrices affirming the permanent dominant conjecture is given. As a consequence, infinitely many infinite…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2023-11-01 Kijti Rodtes